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* CARDENAS. 207 CARDIGAN. engagement between the blockading vessels of the I'nited States fleet and the Spanish batteries, in which Ensign Worth Bagley was killed, he being the first American officer to lose his life in the war. Population, in 1899, 21,940, including over 15,500 whites. CARDENAS, kUr-dfi'nas, Gakcia Lopez de. A Spanish adventurer, captain in the army of Vasquez Coronado (q.v. ), in 1540, during the exploration of Xew Jlexico and Arizona. In Sep- tember, 1540. he led the first European expedi- tion to the Grand Caiion of the Colorado. CARDE'NIO, Up. pron. kar-da'ne-o. A love- crazed but witty character in Cervantes's Don Quixote, lie reappears as Octavian in Colman the Younger's Mountaineers, and also in D'Urffi's adaptation of the original. CABDENIO, History of. A play once ascribed to Fletcher and Shakespeare, on the authority of Moseley in the Stationers' Register. The date of the entry is September 9, 1653. It has been thought to be identical with a lost play entitled Cardenia, or Cardano, acted in 1613, which Fleay also identifies with Fletcher's Love's Pilgrimage. All information as to its history is purely conjectural, but later authorities are imanimous in questioning Shakespeare's col- laboration in it. CAR'DIA (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Kapdla, kar- dia, heart). The orifice of the stomach which admits the cesophagus was called, on account of its vicinity to the heart, by the same Greek name, curdia, and was probably hardly distin- guished from the heart in the earliest times of Greek medicine. CARDIAL'GIA (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Kapdla, Icardia, heart -f- &yos, algos, pain). Pain of the heart or stomach. The name is commonly applied to the particular variety of pain called heartburn, arising from a disordered stomach, and accompanied with acid eructations and the presence of gas. The heart is not affected. See J^■DIGESTIO^•. CARDIFF (Caer-Taft, Fort of the Taff). A Parliamentary and municipal borough, seaport, and capital of Glamorganshire. South Wales, sit- uated on the river TafT, near its mouth in the estuary of the Severn, 170 miles west of London by railway (Map: Wales, C 5). Its most nota- ble building is the castle, built in the Eleventh Century, in which Robert Curthose, Duke of Xor- mandy, died, after captivity in various fortresses during twenty-eight years. It has been carefully restored, and is occasionally used as a residence by its owner, the Marquis of Bute, to whose fam- ily Cardiff owes much of its prosperity. Other edifices of interest are the Church of Saint .Tohn, dating from the Thirteenth Century, with a fine perpendicular tower, and the free library, erect- ed in 1882, which contains a museum and art gallery. Although the construction of the Glamorgan- shire Canal may be taken as having marked the first step in the development of the to«-n from an insignificant village to one of the most impor- tant ports of the I'nited Kingdom, it was not until after the opening of the first great dock, in 1830, that its possibilities as an outlet for the mineral wealth of the surrounding region were fully rejilized. The docks and basins are five in number, and cover an area of more than 110 acres. They are owned by Lord Bute, but the town derives a considerable annual revenue from harbor dues. The municipal authorities have kept pace with the rapid growth of the town by obtaining an excellent water-supply, by in- troducing electric lighting, establishing public baths and a gj-mnasium, markets, slaughter- houses, a sewage farm, and a cemetery. In Car- diff-there are several technical schools and a higher grade school, and a central free library, with six branches, all maintained by the corpora- tion. The importance of the town lies in its commerce, especially in its coal and iron trade, although there arc also ship-building j-ards, iron, steel, and tin plants. The export of coal to foreign countries increased from 1,451,000 tons in 1865 to 10,115,000 in 1891. In 1898 there was a temporary decline, on account of the great coal strike, the total export of coal and coke amounting to onlv 9.109.515 tons, as compared with 12.443,448 tons in 1897. The total number of vessels and their tonnage entering the port in 1899 was 15.389 and 9,590,000 respectively, as compared with 13,383 vessels and 6.612,000" tons in 1891. The number of vessels cleaied in 1899 was 15,418, with a tonnage of 9.797,000, as com- pared with 13,474 vessels and 6,938,000 tons in 1891. The port in 1890 o^■ned 270 vessels with a tonnage of 212,000, only about 2 per cent, of the tonnage belonging to sailing vessels, of which there were 61. The number of vessels shows a decline from the 306 vessels in 1891, but the tonnage capacity has increased about 25 per cent. Besides coal, the chief exports are iron and steel manufactures, machinery and mill work, railway- cars and wagons, sacks, etc. The imports com- prise cattle, grain, copper, and iron ores, petrole- um, timber, and market produce. The total value of imports and exports during 1900 was £17,799,- 500 (.$88,997,500). The United States is repre- sented by a consul. Cardiff is adequately provid- ed with railway facilities, being connected by the Taff Vale and Rhymney lines with the min- eral fields of South Wales, and by the Great Western with London, Population, in 1800, about 2000; in 1850, 18,000; and in 1901, 164,400. The town probably existed during the Roman occupation. It was a place of importance under the Xormans. During the Civil War the castle was alternately in the hands of the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. In 1648 Cromwell cap- tured it after a bombardment lasting three days. Consult: Stuart, "History of Cardiff," "in Archmological Journal, Vol. XXVIII. (London, 1871); "Architecture of Cardiff," in Builder (London, March, 1897). CARDIFF GIANT. A rude statue of a man 101^ feet high, cut (in Chicago) from a block of gypsum sent from Ohio. It was secretly buried near the village of Cardiff, Onondaga County, X. Y., where it was declared to have been foimd in October, 1869. It was exhibited with great success for several months as 'a petrified giant,' deceiving even some men of science. "The fraud was finally confessed. CAR'DIGAN (anciently, Aherteifi. Mouth of the Teifi). The capital of Cardiganshire, Wales, a municipal borough and seaport, on the right bank of the Teifi, 5 miles from it-s mouth, and about 75 miles west-northwest of Cardiff (Map: Wales, B 4). The town has a considerable coast-