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CAPPS. CAPPS, EinvARD (18G6— ). An American classioal pliilologist, born December 21, 18U(i. He received the defirecs iif A.B. at Illinois Col- lege (18S7). ami Ph.D., Vale University (1S!)1). He was tutor in Latin at Yale from IS'.IO to isn2: assistant professor of Greek at the Uni- versity of Chicago from 1802 to ISiKi; associate professor from 1896 to 1000; and professor in 1000. He is the author of From Homer to Tlwocritus (New York, 1901), and numerous pliilolojrical papers.

CAPRABA, kii-pr:l'rA, Aeneas Syi.vius, Count (lti;'.l-17Ul ). An Austrian general, born in ISologna. He entered llie military service of the Empire, fought under Monteeuculi against llie Krencli and the Turks, and in 1074 received an independent cavalry command. He was van- quished by Turenne at Sinslieim, but distin- guished himself at Ensisheim, and continued in the Rhine campaigns until 1G78. In 1G83 and succeeding years he was active in the defense of Hungary against Turkish invasion. Appointed vice-president of the coimcil of war at Vienna, be persisted in obstructive attacks upon Prince Eugene. CAPRARA, Giovanni Battista, Cardinal (1733-lSlO). An Italian ecclesiastic, of the fam- ily of the Counts of Montecuculi. He was born in Bologna, and early entered the career of ecclesiastical diplomacy, acting as nuncio at Cologne, Lucerne, and Vienna. He was named cardinal by Pius VII., in 1702, in recognition of bis service in the last post, one of peculiar diffi- culty under Joseph II. In 1703 he was made Bishop of Jesi, and in 1801, on Napoleon's ex- ])rcss recpiest, legate a latere in Paris. Here he conducted the very arduous negotiations which ended in the Concordat. Napoleon nominated him as Archbishop of Milan, and was crowned l]y him there with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in 1805. He ccmtinued to reside in Paris in the discharge of his duties as legate until they were terminated by the imprisonment of the Pope. He <lied there. July 21, 1810. leaving his whole for- tune to the hospital in Milan.

CAPRERA, ka-prft'ra (It., goat island). A Tocky island oil' the north coast of Sardinia, 5 miles long and about 2 miles broad (Map: Italy, D G). It is famous as luiving been at various times the place of residence of Garibaldi, who died there June 2, 1832. It supports but a small population.

CAPRI, kJi'prS (Lat. Cnprew, from caper, goat). A beautiful rocky island in south Italy, at the southern entrance to the Bay of Naples, 3t{. miles west of Cape Camj)ane]la — from which it is separated by the Bocea Piceola — and 20 miles southwest of the city of Naples (Map: Italy, D 12). It is 4'^ miles long, 3 miles wide, lO^i miles in circumference, 5'J'i square miles in area, and has over G200 inhabitants. The high- est point is!Mount Solaro, on the sontli coast, 1020 feet above the sea, commanding a fine view of the bays of Gaeta, Naples, and Salerno, with the Apennines in the background. The indige- nous flora is rich in variety, and there are many trees which have been made to ilourisli by the perseverance of the inhabitants. Ca]ui has al- ways been celebrated for its deliglilful climate and pure air, and allhough llie su])i)ly of drink- ing-water is unsatisfactory, ii is visited yearly by over 30,000 strangers, who in spring and win- ter unpleasantly crowd the numerous hotels. It is;i favorite summer resort for residents of Nai)les. Capri ( ])opiilati(m, in 1001, 4114), the <'a])ital of the island:uid an episcopal residence, is splendidly situated lietween two dills 4G0 feet bigli. From the Marina Grande, north of the town, where is found the only good landing- place on the island, there is daily communica- tion liy steamboat with Na])les and Sorrento. Anacapri (po])ulalion, in 1001, 2110), which is 880 feet above the .sea, on a plateau in the western and more fertile part of the island, is reached liy a winding road cut through the rock and eoni- Jileted in 187G. Previously it was necessary to climb a flight of several hundred steps, which have recently been restored. The town is com- manded liy the ruins of the Castle of Barbarossa, named after tiic pirate who destroyed it in 1.544. On the shore north of Anacapri, and 1% miles west of the Marina Grande, is the famous Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra), which is entered from the sea by a narrow opening not more than 3 feet high. The grotto is ~!i feet long, 100 feet liroad, and 41 feet high, with water 48 feet deep. It was forgotten (hiring the Jliddle Ages, and rediscovered in 182G. Near the Marina Grande is the ancient Church of San (^stanzo, the pa- Iron saint of the island, whose festival is cele- brated on May 14. The church marks the site of the ancient town, which jiirates forced its citizens to abandon in the Fifteenth Century. In the northeast corner of the island are the ])recipitous rocks, 74.5 feet high, from which tradition says Tiberius hurled his victims into the sea, and the ruins of the twelve villas built by Tiberius in honor of the twelve gods, in the largest of which (Villa Jovis) he jiassed the last ten years of his life. Augustus had built palaces and aqueducts on the ancient Caprea", and these Tiberius improved. The English captured the i-land in ISOG. during the Napoleonic wars, and built fortifications, some of which remain. In 1808 they lost it to the French under Lamarque; but recovering it in 1813, restored it to King Fer- dinand IV. of Sicily. Local products comprise fine white and red wine, oil, oranges, lemons, and figs, fish, and quails, which, tiring in their mi- gratory flight between Africa and the north, are captured here in nets. The United States is rep- resented by a consular agent. Consult: Gre- gorovius. Die Insel Capri (Leipzig, 1807): Al- lers. Capri, illustrated (^Munich, 1804); Furch- heim, ]iihliO(/r<ifia dell' isi/la di Capri (Naples, 1800); Weichardt, Das Schloss des Tiberius viid ondcre liiJmerhauten auf Capri (Leipzig, 1000).

CAPRICCIO, ka-pre'chA (It., caprice, prob- ably from It. raprio, Lat. caper, goat). A kind of ]iicture com])osed without regard to the or- dinary rules of jiictorial art, whimsical and fanciful in idea and arrangement. The artist is not confined here to recording the natural aspects of nature, but rather the reverse, such as foliated ornaments in which human and other figures arc introduced in attitudes and situations not strict- ly natural.

CAPRICCIO. In music, a species of free com- j)iisitiiiii whose form is not subject to rigid rule. The fancy of the composer is allowed free l>lay, his aim being to produce piquant and striking effects, in both melody and harmony, so as to