Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/208

* CAPEKCAILLIE. 170 CAPE SAINT VINCENT. coille, wood; according to some, from Gael. ftipull-coiJle, from capull, mare, Lat. caballus, horse + coille, or from Gael, cabhar + coileach, ^vood), WooD-GRorsE, or Cock of the Woon-s. A European grouse {Tetrao nroyallus), almost equal in size to the turkey. The adult male is brownish-black, minutely freckled with grayish- white, and with lighter brown; quill-feathers, <lark brown; tail-feathers, nearly black: chest, a shining dark green; there is a small scarlet patch of naked skin al)ove the eye, and the bill is whitish. The general color of the smaller female and of young males is dark brown, freck- led with yellowish-brown ; the front of the neck and the chest are yellowish-chestnut, and the feathers of the under parts are generally edged with white; the feet are feathered to the toes. It is an inhabitant of pine woods : feeds on ber- V ries, seeds, worms, insects, etc., and on the young shoots of the pine, birch, and other trees. The female makes her nest on the ground, and lays from si.>c to twelve eggs, of a pale reddish or yellowish brown, sjiotted with other shades of brown, and more than two inches long. Like the black-cock, the capercaillie is polygamous, and is noted for its extraordinary 'dances' in courtship. In spring, on the approach of the breeding season, the cock "mounts to the top- most boiighs of a tall tree, whence he challenges all c(miers by extraordinary sounds and gestures, while the hens . . . timidly abide below the result of the frequent duels, patiently submit- ting themselves to the victor." During these antics the bird seems oblivious to all else, and may easily be approached. The capercaillie is found on the pine-covered mountains of all parts ■of Europe, and a related species (Tetrao urogal- loides) is abundant in the northern parts of Asia. It once lived in Scotland and Ireland, where it was completely extirpated toward the end of the Eighteenth Century, but has been re- stored to the forests of northern Scotland by stock imported from Scandinavia. The caper- caillie is readily domesticated, if allowed the range of a space containing a few pine-trees, and is much esteemed for the table. It is hunt- ed with the aid of dogs, who 'tree' the birds, when they are shot down. Consult: Lloyd, flame Birds of Sweden and Norway (London, 18G7) ; Morris, British Game Birds (London, 1891) ; Darwin, Descent of Man (London, 2d ed., 1874). See Plate of Gbouse, etc. CA^PERN, Edward (1819-04). An English poet, known as the 'Rural Postman of Bideford.' He was born at Tiverton, Devonshire. an<l was engaged as a postman at Bideford until, through Landor's influence, he obtaine<l a pension from the English civil list. Ilis productions, which are marked by freshness and melody, include: J'nrnis hy the Bideford Rural Postman (18.50; often republished); liallads and Hongs (1858); Mayside Warbles (1805, 2d ed. 1870); Sun (lleams and Shadow Pearls (1881); and The Devonshire Methodist, which includes the au- thor's own music to some of his songs. CAPERNAUM, kj^-per'na-Cun {Gk.Ka-epvanrfi, Kupcrnaoum, Kuipaiivaoi/i, Kapharnaoum, Heb. Kaphar Nahum, village of Xahum). A town of Galilee frequently mentioned in the gospel his- tory. When Jesus was driven out of Nazareth at the opening of his Galilean ministry he made his home at Capernaum (Matt. iv. 13). So closely did he identify himself with it that it is called 'his own cit}'' (Matt. ix. 1). Though it was the scene of many of his inira(rles and wonderful discourses, it remained unrepentant. With Chorazin and Bethsaida it had its ruin foretold by Jesus (Matt. xi. 20-24). The place was a city of some impor- tance. It had a synagogue (Luke iv. 31-32), was the seat of a Roman garrison (Luke vii. 1), and a customs station from which Matthew was called to be an Apostle (ilatt. ix. 9). There has been much discussion as to the site of Caper- naum, as the city is mentioned only in the New Testament. The original form of the name was Kaphar Nahum, i.e. "Village of Nahum.' Two lo- calities are favored by authorities — Tell Hum and Khan Minyeh, both on the northwest coast of the Sea of Galilee, not far distant from each other. At Tell Hum many extensive ruins have been found, some of which have been supposed to be those of the synagogue in which Jesus taught. The situation of Khan Minyeh, however, corre- sponds better to the New Testament notices and to the statement of Josephus ( IVors, iii. 10-8) that a copious spring named Capernaum watered the plain of Gennesaret. Consult, in behalf of the claims of Tell Hum, Buhl, Die lleograpUie dcs alten Palastina (Freiburg, 1890) ; for Khan Min- jeh, G. A. Smith, The Historical Geography of the Holy hand (New York, 1895). CATERS, William (1790-1855). An Ameri- can clergyman, bisliop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He was born in South Carolina, studied in South Carolina College, became an itinerant preacher, and for a time was a mis- sionary among the Indians in Georgia. He was for several years presiding elder in Charleston, where he edited the Wesleyan Journal (after- wards merged in the New York Christian Advo- cate). He declined the presidency of three southern colleges and professorships in two others, preferring to devote himself to home mis- sionary work. In 1837 he established anil edited the Southern Christian Advocate. At the first general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in 1840, he was chosen bishop. His autobiography was published, with a memoir by Wightman, in 1858. CAPE SABLE. The southernmost point of Cape .Sable Island, off the southern coast of Nova Scotia, Canada (Map: Nova Scotia, D 6). CAPE SABLE. The southernmost point of the njainland of Florida, and of tlie mainland of the United States as well (Jlap: Florida, C 4). It is in latitude 25° 8' N. and longitude 81° T W., and projects slightly into the Bay of Florida. CAPE SAINT GEORGE. A cape on the west end of Saint George Island, off the west coast of Florida, about 10 miles south of Apalacliicola (Map: Florida, D 2). The Cape Saint George lighthouse is in latitude 29° 35' N. and longitude 85" 2' W., about 3'^ miles east of the west pass entrance to Apalacliicola Bay. The light is 72 feet above sea-level, and is fi.xed white. CAPE SAINT VINCENT. A headland at the southwest exlrcinily cjf Portugal in about latitude 37° N. and longitude 9° W. (Map: Portugal, A 4). Off this cape the British, under Admiral .lervis, defeated a Spanish fleet Febru- ary 14, 1797.