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* CAPEN. 169 CAPEECAILLIE. tian Church of Gloucester in 1865. and from 1809 to 1875 held other pastorates at Saint Paul, Minn., and Providence. K. T. In 1875 he was ap- pointed president of Tufts College, whose effec- tiveness and prosperity he has greatly increased. In addition to his duties as president, he has also given instruction in political economy and ethics. CAPE NOME. A projection from the west- ern mainland of Alaska, extending into the northwest part of Norton Sound, in about lati- tude 641.2° N. and longitude 165° W. In the sands near the seacoast, and in the valleys of the streams, are found very rich deposits of gold, which are easily accessible (Jlap: Alaska, B 3). (See XoME.) Consult Dunham, ''The Yukon and Xome Gold Regions." in Department of Labor Bulletin 11 (Washington, 1900). CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. See Cape Colony. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. A promontory of southern Africa, rising 1000 feet above the sea, and popularly regarded as the most southerly point of the Continent, though it is half a de- gree to the north of Cape Agulhas (Map: Afri- ca, F 8). The latter is merely a projection on a coast line, which diverges inconsiderably from a parallel; but the former is really the turning- point from south to east on the voyage from Kurope to India. It is situated in latitude 34° 22' S. and longitude 18° 30' E., being the ter- mination of Table Mountain (q.v.). The eape was discovered by Dias, a Portuguese navigator (who christened" it the Cape of Storms), as early as 1486 — six years before Columbus, in aiming at the same goal by a different route, led the way to America. But it was only in 1497 that Vasco da Gama realized the value of Bias's discovery, by rounding it on his adventurous voyage from Lisbon to Calicut. Besides open- ing a new channel for the traffic of the East, the discovery of the cape was partly instru- mental in removing the trading superiority from the republics of Italy to the States of western Europe. CAPE OF STORMS, The. The English translation of a Portuguese name. Capo Tor- mentoso, given by Bartholomeu Dias to the Cape of Good Hope, about which he was the first to pass. CAPE ORTEGAL, or'ta-gal'. A northern extremity of Spain, projecting on the north- west coast into the Bay of Biscay, in latitude 43° 47' X. and longitude 7° 56' W., on a rugged and barren coast (Map: Spain, A 1). CAPE PAI/MAS. The southernmost ex- tremity of Liberia. Africa, in latitude 4° 22' X. and longitude 7° 44' W., and marking the point at which the Marvland colony of free colored emi- grants settled in "1834 (Map: Africa, D 4). CAPE PIGEON, or Cape Petrel. The pin- tado petrel, a large Antarctic petrel {Daption Capensis) somewhat resembling a pigeon, com- mon in large numbers about the Cape of Good Hope, and of great interest to voyagers. See Petrel. CAPE POGE. The extreme northeast point of the Martha's Vineyard Island group, and the northern extremity of the eastern strip of Chap- jiaquiddick Island (Map: Massachusetts, G 5). Cape Poge lighthouse is in latitude 41° 25' N. and longitude 70° 27' W. The light flashes white and red, every third flash red, with five seconds' interval between flashes. It is 53% feet above sea-level. CAPE PRINCE OF "WALES. The west point of the mainland of Alaska and of the American continent, opposite East Cape in Si- beria. Bering Strait between the two is the narrowest water between America and Asia (Map: Alaska, B 2). The cape is slightly south of the Arctic Circle. It terminates in a bold blufl', north of which are dangerous shoals. CAPER (Fr. capre, Lat. capparis, Gk. koit- wapis, kapparis). The pickled flower-bud of the ca])er-bush {Capparis spinosa). It has an agree- able pungency of taste, with a slight bitterness, and has long been in very general use as a condi- ment and ingredient of sauces. It possesses medicinal properties, being an antiscorbutic, stimulant, and la.xative. It is of a grayish- green color, to improve which copper is some- times used. The caper-bush is a native of the ^lediterranean countries. It is extensively cul- tivated in some parts of the south of France and in Italy, but most of all in Sicily. It succeeds in the open air even at Paris, but in Great Brit- ain it requires the aid of artificial heat. In the northern United States capers are propagated by cuttings in greenhouses, but they are grown from seed in the South. It is a trailing, ram- bling shrub, loving dry places and often growing on rocks or walls. It begins to flower early in summer, and continues flowering till winter. The buds are gathered every morning, and are immediately put into vinegar and salt. At the end of the season they are sorted according to their size and color, the greenest and least ex- panded being the best, and are again put into vinegar, the finest being sent to the market in bottles, the coarser in small barrels. The fruit, which is a small berry, is also pickled in the south of Italy. The flower-buds of the caper of Mount Sinai (Capparis Sinaica) are pickled like those of the common species ; the seeds are also pickled and are called by a name signifying mountain pepper. The fruit of Capparis aphylla is made into a pickle in India. The species of Capparis number about 150, and are found in most tropical and subtropical regions except North America. Various substitutes for caper are sometimes used, as the flower-buds of the marsh-marigold {Caliha paluslris), those of the Indian cress, or so-called nasturtium [Tropwo- lum majus), and those of the bean-caper (Zi/gophyllum fabago) and of the bladdernut (Utaphylea trifolia). The caper-tree (Capparis Jamaicensis), which grows throughout the West Indies, in South America, and iu Florida, is a small tree with a very hard wood. The caper of England is a spurge, belonging to the genus Euphorbia. It has no relationship with the fore- going. For illustration, see Plate of Camellias. CAPE RACE. A cape forming the southeast extremity of Newfoundland, in latitude 46° 40' N. and longitude 52° 55' W. (Map: Newfound- land, G 6). It has a lighthouse, with light 180 feet above the water. This is an important beacon for the transatlantic vessels passing between Europe and northern North America. CAPERCAILLIE, ka'per-kal'yi, or CAPER- CAILZIE, ka'per-kal'zl or -kal'yl (of uncertain etymology, possibly from Gael, cabhar, hawk +