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* CANOVA. 151 CANSO. He seldom treated reliv'ious; sulijects, and when he did he represented tliem as lieautiful, ehissieal figures. Tlie best-known example is a kneeling "Magdalen," in Villa Carlotta, Candenalibia. Canova also exeeuted a large number of por- trait busts of the celebrities of his day, his friends, and especially of ideal women, as Laura or Beatrice. They are too lacking in individual- ization to be good portraits. He was unsuccess- ful in relief work, owing to his inability to make a good composition. As a painter he is of little importance. But in his proper field of sculpture he is one of the most prominent figures of modem times. Xo one has treated the surface of marble with more delicacy and more skill than he. Canova died in Venice, October 13, 1822, and was buried at Passagno in a church which he had himself erected at the cost of his earnings of a lifetime. There is also a momiment to him, after his own design, in the Church of the Frari, Venice, near the tomb of Titian. He was a man of lovable character, kind and charitable, especially to young and needy artists. He was inspired by a lofty patriotism, and by a touching love for his native town, to which he returned whenever possible. His house there contains a museum of his works, with the original plaster models of the most remarkable. His works were engraved bv Lasinio (Pisa. 1821-25), Moses (Lon- don, 1828)', and Eeveil (Paris, 1825). Bibliography. An excellent contemporar}' bi- ography of Canova was written by his friend, Quatrem&re de Quincy (Paris, 1834), with which compare the more critical Romische i^ttidieit, by Fernow (Zurich, ISOU). Other biographies are those of his friend Cicognara (Venice, 1823): Missirini (Prato, 1827); Eosini (Pisa, 1825); D'Este (Florence, 18G4) ; Liicke, in Dohme, Kunst laid Kiiiistler des neunzehnten Jahrhun- derts (Leipzig, 1883) ; and Jleyer, in Knackfuss, KiinfilJirinonographien (Bielefeld, 1898). CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO, kii'novas del ka-ste'lyo, Antonio (1828-97). A Spanish states- man, born in Malaga, .June 5, 1828. He stud- ied philosopiiy and law in Madrid, entered jour- nalism, and soon became active in polities. In 1852 he represented his native city in the Cortes as a Liberal, and two years later was appointed charge d'affaires at Rome, where he aided in preparing the concordat between Spain and the Holy See. After being director-general of the administration from 1858 to 1861 and Under- Secretary of State in the latter year, he be- came, in 18fi4, ilinister of the Interior in the Mon Ministry, and Minister of Finance and the Colonies in the O'Donnell Ministry the next year. He prepared at the time the law for the abolition of negro slavciy. He was one of the last to de- fend in the Cortes the Liberal principles he espoused under the reactionary' sway of Xar- vaez and Gonzalez Bravo, and was banished shortly before the revolution of 1868, in which he had no share. Returning to active life in 18fi9, as the leader of the moderate Conservatives, he opposed in the Constituent Cortes the project of a denmcratic constitution, and was one of the leaders of the movement which placed Alfonso XIl. on the throne. He became president of the Council and chief of the provisional Cabinet De- cember 31. 1874, and remained at the head of the Liberal-Conservative .Ministry (the so-called Cab- inet of Conciliation). He withdrew in Sep- tember. 1875, before the attacks of the extreme Conservative party. He was recalled in Decem- ber of the same year and charged with the direc- tion of the first legislative elections under the new regulations. From this time ho remained Premier, until 1879, when Marshal Martinez Campos returned from Cuba and took his place, retaining the principal members of the Cab- inet. _ Martinez Campos was in turn obliged to resign in December, being defeated upon cer- tain free-trade measures, and Cftnovas returned to power. His Conservative Cabinet was over- thrown in 1881. He was again Premier in 1884- 85, in 1890-92, and again in 1895-97, alternating in office with Sagasta, the leader of the Liberals. In time his ideas became decidedly Conservative, and to the Radical element in Spain Cdnovas ap- peared in the light of a reactionary. He was assassinated by an anarchist on August 8, 1897. Canovas found time, even in the stir of Spanish political life, for considerable literary activity. In 1867 he was electeil a member of the Academy of Madrid. Among his writings are a volume of poems (1887), Estvdios del reinado de Felipe IV. (1888) : Arten y letnm (1887) ; Froblemas con- iempordneos, a collection of essays on economic and social questions (1884): Bi'ofirafia de Cal- deron (2 vols.. 1883) ; and several minor pieces. He also edited the works of a number of con- temporary dramatists (2 vols., 1881-86), and an important historical work, the Historia general de Espana (10 vols., 1890-97). The most ex- tended biographv is bv Pons y Humbert, Canovas del Castillo (Madrid,' 1901). CANROBERT, kax'ro'bar'. Francois Certain DE (1809-95). A marshal of France. He was born at Saint Cere. June 27, 1809. studied in the military school of Saint Cyr. and in 1828 entered the army. After 1835 he served in Algeria. In the storming of Constantine he was one of the first to enter the breach. About the same time he received the decoration of the Legion of Honor. In 1849 he commanded a successful ex- pedition against the Kabyles. As general of brigad«>, in 1850, he led an expedition through the rocky country of ISTarah, and destroyed the Arab stronghold there. In January, 1853, he became a general of division. The next year he commanded a division in the Crimea, and upon the death of Saint-Arnaud he assumed control of the French operations. For his services he was made Marshal of France in 1856. In 1859 he was a division commander in the Italian campaign against Austria, and took part in the battles of ilagenta and Solferino. When war was declared by France against Prussia, in 1870, he was in command of the Sixth .Vrmy Corps. He was shut up in Metz with Bazaine. and became a prisoner in Germany. In 1879 he became a member of the Frencli Senate. He died .Tanuary 28. 1895. Con- sult ilartin, Le marcciial Canrobert (Paris, 1895). CAN'SO. A port of entry in Guysborough Cointy. Nova Scotia, near the cape of the same name (Map: Nova Scotia, .14). It has impor- tant fishing industries, a considerable trade, is the landing-place of some of the transatlantic cables, and has a United States consular agent. Population, 1500. CAN'SO, Cape. The eastern extremity of Nova Scotia and the southern boundary of the entrance of Chebucto or Chedabucto Bay (Map: Nova Scotia, J 4). It is in latitude 45° 21' N. and Uingitude 61^ V.