Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/170

* CANICU1.A. 138 CANIS MINOR. the occasion of the extit'iiic lioal and the diseases incidental to these days. It was by mere accident that the rising of the star coincided with the hottest season of the year, in the times and countries of the old astronomers. The time of its rising depends on the latitude of the place, and is later and later every year in all latitudes, owing to precession. In time, the star may rise in the dead of winter. The canicular year was that known among the Egj'ptians and Elliio- pians. It was computed from one heliacal rising of Sirius to the ne.xt, and consisted ordinarily of 365 days, and every fourtli year of .'itil!. This year is sometimes called the heliacal year. The reason for computing the year from the rising of Sirius seems to have been that, at the time, the heliacal rising coincided with the greatest swelling of the Nile. GAN'ID^ (Neo-Lat., from Lat. canis, dog). A family of carnivores, the dog tribe, now usually classified between the hyenas and the bears. Their whole organization tits them to be less ex- clusively carnivorous than the feline tribe. They have generally three incisors or cutting teeth, with one large canine tooth, and four premolars on each side of the jaw, two true molars on each side in the upper jaw, and three in the lower. The true molars are adapted for crushing either bones or vegetable food. The last premolars in the upper jaw are remarkably large, and iiarticu- larly adapted for cutting ilesh. The legs are com- paratively long, the claws are non-retractile, and with one exception (Lycaon), the toes are five in front and four behind. The thumb is small and considerably above the other digits. The muzzle is long, the ears generally erect and pointed, and the tail more or less bushy. A peculiarity of the dogs is their habit of asso- ciation in packs and of pursuing their prey mainly by scent. In this sense they are extreme- ly keen, they have good eyesight and hearing, and most of them are diurnal. They frequent open uplands, by preference, some climbing trees, and. though mostly good swimmers, they avoid aquatic pursuits. Most of them occupy dens or burrows, often dug by themselves, and sometimes placed in groups. Sep Doo; Fen'NEC; I'o::- Fox-Dog; .Iackal: HrxTixG Doo ; Wolf, etc. CANID'IA. The name under which Horace reproaches a former mistress. Gratidia, who proved unfaithful to him. Ho immortalized her in an ode beginning "Oh. stay, Canidia, spare thy rites of sorcery," in which she is described as a magic-making hag. CANID'ITJS. A lieutenant-general of An- tony's army, in Shakespeare's Anloiitj and Cleo- patra. He surrenders his legions and his services to f'lpsar on hearing of the result of the sea-fight at .ctlum, since "six kings (had) already shown him tbc way of yielding." CANINA, ki'i-ne'nii, LriGi (1795-1856). An Italian anhitect and archa-ologist, born in Ca- sale. He was ])rofessor of architecture in Turin and superintended the excavation of the Tusei- m in IS.Sn, and of the Appian Way in 1848. He wrote many works on ancient architecture and on Ktruscan and Roman areha>ologj', among which are L'architettura antica descritta e dimoslraia cm manumenti (1839-46) ; Aniica EIniria maril- tima (1840-51) : and fttoria r tnpncirafia dc Unma aniica (1839-48). and published a number of plans and maps of his discoveries. CANINES, ka'iiinz, or Canine Teeth. See Teeth. CANINI, ka-ne'iie, JIahco Antonio ( 1822-91). An Italian publicist and poet, born in Venice. He was fur a time employed in the printing-ollice ol the Ooiidotk'n-, upon the liibliotcca Claiisica, edited by Carrer. Kesuming his legal studies in Padua, he became involved in political troubles and tied to Tuscany iu 1847, and his sulisequent share in the disturbances of 184!) in 'enice and Kome forced him to seek safety in Greece and the East. Mcnte, fantasia e cuorc. a volume of poems, appeared in Athens in 1852. For a while he wrote articles for the Rumanian ))apers, till an attack upon Napoleon III. cavised his expul- sion from Bucharest. Returning to Italj-, he was appointed by Rattazzi secret political agent in the East, and at the same time entered into an understanding with Kossuth to form a league of the countries in the Danid)ian region. In 1866 he joined the army of Garibaldi and afterwards went to France, but in 1873 returned to Italy. In 1876 he agitated in behalf of the .Servians, and aec<im])anicil the Russian Army in the Russo- Turkish War of 1877-78 as a newspaper corre- spondent. His works embrace a wide variety of topics, including a novel in verse entitled Giorgio il monaco e Leila (1872) ; Sonetli (1873) ; Odi Sa/fiche (1879) ; La quest ione dcW Epiro (1879) ; La verita siilla qnestione degli Israeliti in Ruma- nia ( 1879) ; Amore e dolore ( 1880) ; and II libro dcW amore (1886-87). a collection of love poems translated from all the principal languages of Europe. The most interesting portion of his ad- venturous life is told in an autobiographic vol- ume. Viiiflf ans d'exil. CANISIUS, ka-nisli'i-us, Petrus (a Latin translation of liis Dutch name, De Hond) ( 1521- 97). A Jesuit theologian who took a prominent part in the Council of Trent. He was born in Ximeguen, Jlay 8, 1521, and was educated in Cologne and Louvain. He was the first German to join the .Tesuit Order (1.543) ; became profes- sor of theology in Ingolstadt, 1549; was preacher to Ferdinand 1. in Vienna, and became the first provincial of tlu' .lesuits in Germany (1556). lie estalilished colleges of the order in Prague. Freiburg (Switzerland), .Augsburg, and Dillin- gen. and powerfully contributed to the check of the spread of Protestantism which the Counter- Reformation ell'ected. To this end he drew up, in 1554, in Latin, a catechism which should take the same place as Luther's; it has been very widely used, has passed through more than 400 editions, and has been translated into French. German, and English. He died in Freil)urg, Switzerland, December 21, 1597. and was beati- fied in 1804. For his life, consult: Reiss (Frei- burg. 1865); P. Drews (Halle. 1892): J. B. Mehler (Berlin. 1897) ; L. Michel (Lille. 1898) ; and A. Kross, Cnnisius in Ocsterreich (Vienna, 1898) : also, his Epistulce et Acta. ed. O. Braunsbergcr (8 vols.. Freiburg, 1896. et seq.). CA'NIS MA'JOR (Lat., the Greater Dog). A constellation of the Southern Hemisjihere, be- low the feet of Orion. It contains Sirius. the brightest of all the stars, and its place may be found by means of this star, which is on the continuation of the line through the belt of Orion. CA'NIS MI'NOR (Lat., the Lesser Dog). A constellation of the Southern Hemisphere. It