Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/169

* CANEPHORI. in- CANICULA. CANEPH'ORI (Lat., from Gk. mv)i<p6pot, ktiiiiijlioroi, basket-bearers, from G. kuvcov, ku- iituii, basket of cane + pf/Kir.p/icreiii, to bear). Girls of Alliens annually selcc-leJ from the high- est families to walk in the Panathenaic and other festival processions, carrying on their heads bas- kets containing the implements and apparatus necessary for a sacrifice. Their graceful atti- tudes (which may be seen on the friezes of the Parthenon in the British Jluseum) suggested subjects for sculpture to some of the great artists of Greece. Similar statues are also used in architecture to support light entablatures, and are sometimes identified with caryatides. CANE-SUGAR. See Sugars. CA'NES VENAT'ICI (Lat., hunting-dogs). A constellation of the northern hemisphere, added by Hevelius, and known generally as the grey- hounds of Hevelius. The dogs are distinguished by the names of Asterion and Chara. On the celestial globe they are represented as being held ii'. leash by Bootes, and apparently pursuing Ursa Major (q.v.) round the pole of the heavens. * CAiJeTE, ka-nya'ta, Manuel (1822-91). A Spanish poet, dramatic writer, and critic, born in Seville. His works include his lyrics Poesias (1859), which possess the pathetic quality of the verses of the old Sevilian school, but are marred by their unnatural and declamatory tone; and a number of dramas, which have received high praise: Vn rebato en Granada (1845) ; El duqiie de Xlba (1845) ; and /jO csperanza de la patria I with Tamayo). He is celebrated chiefly, how- ever, as a dramatic critic. In this capacity he published, among other works, editions of the I'arsas y eglogas of Lucas Fernandez (1867) ; of La tragedia llamada Josefina (1870); Teatro espanol del siglo XVI. (1885); and Escritores ixpanoles e hispano-americanos (1884). CANEY, ka'na. El. See El Caney. CAN'EIELD, James Hulme (1847—). An American educator. He was born at Delaware, Ohio, graduated in 1808 at Williams College, and in 1872 was admitted to the bar of Jlichigan. He practiced law from 1872 to 1877, was a pro- fessor at the University of Kansas from 1877 to 1891, and in 1891 became chancellor of the Uni- versity of Xebraska. From 1895 to 1899 he was [iresident of the Ohio State University, and in the latter year was appointed librarian of Colum- bia University, Xew York. His publications in- <lude Taxation: A Plain Talk for Plain People (188.3); .4. Short Histori/ of Kansas (1885); l.ijral (rorernment in Kansas (1887); and The College Student and His Problems (1901). GANG, CANGUE, or Ivea. An instrument of degrading punishment in use in China. It consists of a large wooden collar fitting close round the neck, the weight of which is usu- ally from 50 to 60 pounds. Over the parts where the eang fastens are jiasted slips of paper, on which the mandarin places his seal, so that the culprit may not be relieved until the full term of his sentence has expired, which sometimes ex- tends to fifteen days. On the cang is also in- scribed, in large letters, the offense and the dura- tion of the punishment. The criminal, having been paraded through the streets dy the police, is then left exposed in sonic thorouglifare of the city. .s he is incapable of using his bands, he has to lie fed during the time he is sulfering tlie penalty. CANGA ARGUELLES, kjin'ga iir-ga'lyAs, Josii (1770-184:jj, A Spanish statesman. He was an active opponent of Napoleon and an energetic member of the Cortes of 1812, but on the return of the Bourbons was exiled. Under the restoration of the Constitution of 1812 in 1820, he was made Minister of Finance, and in this position effected many reforms. He resigned in 1821. After the overthrow of the Constitution in 1823 he went to England, but returned to Spain in 1829, and was appointed keejier of the archives at Simancas. He was the author of Elementos de la eiencia de hacienda ( 1825) ; Dic- cionario de hacienda (1827) ; and Ohservaciones sobre la guerra de la Peninsula (5 vols., 1833- 36). CANGAS DE ONIS, kan'gas da fines'. A town of Sjiain, in the Province of Oviedo, 35 miles east of the city of Oviedo. It is known chiefl}' for its connection with the famous Pelayo ( q.v. ), and the reconquest of Spain from the Moors. There are interesting churches in this vicinity, one containing the tomb of Alfonso I. Inscriptions and remains of bridges indicate that Cangas de Onis was of some importance under the Romans, but its identity has not been fi.xed. Poinilation, in 1900 (commune), 8559. CANGAS DE TINEO, kan'giis da te-na'6. A town of northern Spain, in the Province of Oviedo, on the Rio Xarcea, 37 miles southwest of Oviedo (Map: Spain, B 1). It is surrounded by higli hills and possesses an interesting bridge. Though the adjacent region is rough and moun- tainous, it is well watered, and agriculture and stock-raising are carried on. There are manu- factures of liquors, fiour, and linen and woolen goods. Population, in 1900 (commune), 23,658. CANGE, klixzh, Du. See T)v Cani;e. CANGIAGI, kan-ja'je, or CAMBIASO, kim- byii'so, Luiiji. See C.amei.so, Luca. CAN GRANDE DELLA SCALA, kan griin'- da dclTa >ka'la. See Sc.ala. CANICATTI, k.i'ne-kat'te. A city in Sicily, 28 miles north of Licata, in a rockv vallev 1500 feet above the sea (Map: Italy, H'IO). "it has a technicr.i school, and the country produces grain, wine, and fruit, and contains sulphur- mines. Population (commune), in 1881, 20.000; in 1901, 24,504. CANICHANA, ka'ne-chil'na. A tribe residing upon Ihi' Maiiiore River, Bolivia, between 13° and 14° south. They were formerly savage and brutal cannibals living in fortified villages, from which they made constant raids upon their more peaceable neighbors. Notwithstanding their savage character they willingly accepted the Jesuit missionaries, and are now gathered into mission villages. Their language has no known allinitics. CANIC'ULA (Lat. canicularis, from cunicu- Ins, little dog). Canicular Days, or Dog-days, Canici LAR Year. Canicula was an old name of the constellation Canis Minor (q.v.) ; it was also used to denote Sirius, or the dog-star, ths largest and brightest of all the stjirs, and which is situated in the mouth of Canis Major (q.v.). From the heliacal rising (q.v.) of this star (Sirius) the ancients reckoned their dog-days, (jr dies ranitulares. which were 40 in number — 20 before and 20 after the rising of the star. The rising of the dog-star was supposed to be