Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/120

* CAMPBELL. Richardson, Memoir of Alfxtnider Campbell (Pliihulellihia, 1868). See Disciples of Christ. CAMPBELL, Allan (1815-94). An Ameri- can civil engineer and railroad president. He was born in Albany, N. Y., and at the age of 21 was cbief engineer of a railroad. He built the first railroad ever operated in South America: was prominent in the constniction of the Harlem Railroad, the Pacific Railroad, and that from Callao to Lima, Peru, and was president of the Harlem Railroad until succeeded b_{- 'Commodore' Vanderbilt. He was appointed coimuissioner of public works of New York City in 1 870, and dur- ing 1883 was comptroller of the city. In 1882 he was defeated as nominee of the Republicans and Independents for the office of mayor. CAMPBELL, B.UJTLEY (1843-88). An Ameri- can dramatist. He was born in Allegheny City, Pa., became a journalist and founded the Ereniiig Mail in Pittsburg. He started a monthly ni.iga- zine in New Orleans : but the success of his first play, TJirough Fire ( 1871 ), induced him to devote himself to dramatic authorship. My Partner (1870) was his greatest success. He was for a time manager of the Fourteenth Street Theatre, New Y'ork. He became insane in 18SG and died in an a.syhnn. CAMPBELL, Beatrice Stella Taxxeb ( 1SG7 — ). An English actress, bom in London, and married in 1884 to Patrick Campbell, who fell in the South African War in 1900. She was al- reaih" well known as an amateur before she made her del)Ut on the professional stage, at the Alexandra Theatre, Liverpool, in 1888. In ilarch, 1890, she appeared in London at the Adelphi, where she afterwards played again in 1891-93, creating several parts. She gained a wide repu- tation in The Second Mrs. Tanqueray (1893) at the Saint .Tames Theatre, where also she ap- peared in The Masr/ucraders (1894). As Kate Cloud in John-n-Drcams, produced by Beerbohm Tree at the Haymarkct in 1894, she made another success, and again as Agnes in The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmitb, at the Garrick (1895). Among lier later performances have been those in Fedora (Haymarket, 1895); Ibsen's Little Eyolf (Ave- nue Theatre, 1896) ; and notably in her Shake- spearean revivals with Forbes Robertson at the Lycciun, as Juliet (1895), Ophelia (1897), and Lady Macbeth (1898). In 1900 she appeared in a revival of Matjda at the Royalty Theatre. In the seasons of 1901-02 and r902'03 she visited the principal cities of the Vnited States, pre- .senting her best-known roles. CAMPBELL, CHARLES ( 1807-76). An Ameri- can historian, born in Petersburg, Va. He gradu- ated in 1825 at Princeton, was head of a chissical school at Petersburg from 1842 to 1855, and sub- sequently was principal of Anderson Seminary in the same city. He was a contributor to the Southern Literary Messenger, edited the Orderly Book of Gen. Andrew Lewis for 1776 (1860), and published The Blnnd Papers (1840-43). and An Introdiiclion to the History of the Colony and Ancient [)nniinion of Viryinia (1849). CAMPBELL, Sir CoUN, Lord Clyde (1792- 1863). A British field-marshal, born in Glas-« gow, Scotland, October 20, 1792. He was the eldest son of Colin Maclivcr, a carpenter. His maternal uncle, Colonel John Campbell, sent him to school at Gosport, and in 1807 introduced him to the Duke of York for an 94 CAMPBELL. army commission. The Duke mistook him for a Campbell, and his uncle hushed the boy's half-uttered protest with the remark, '"It is a good name to light under." He was gazetted as Colin t'ampbcU, ensign, in 1808 ; served in the Walcheren expedition, 1809: and by 1813 at- tained a captaincy. He fought through the war in the Spanish peninsula with distinction; took part in the expedition to the United Slates in 1814; and afterwards spent nearly thirty years in garrison duty at various English stations. He sened in China in 1842, and was present at the attack on Cluisan. He next served in the Punjab, India, commanding the left at the battle of Chillianwallah. then for three years commanded in the Peshawur district with uniform success against the hill tribes. He was rewarded with the C"B. and K.C.B., and at the outbreak of the Cri- mean War in 1854 was appointed coimnander of the Higliland Brigade. He took a prominent part at the battle of the Alma ; and with the Ninety- third Highlanders, in the immortalized 'thin red line,' beat liack the Russian c;ivalry in tlicir attack on Balaklava. His services were rewarded with promotion to the rank of major-general; he was created a Kniglit (iraiiil Cross of the Order of the Bath, and re<eived the cross of the French Legion of Honor and other decorations. He was appointed inspector-general of infanlry, and in 1857, at twenty-four hours' notice, started for India to command the forces engaged in quelling the mutiny, which by his energy and judgment was soon utterly subilued, his relief of Liicknow being especially lirilliant. A notable cliaracter- istic of Campbell's generalship was the care he took of his men, his victories being won with the minimum expenditure of the lives of liis soldiers. For his exploits in India, Campbell, in 1858, was raised to the jieerage as Baron Clyde, and the East India Company granted him an annuity of £2000. He returned to England in 1800, and in 1802 was made field-marshal, He died August 14, 1803, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Consul! Sliadwell, Life of Colin Camphcll (Lon- don. ISSI I. CAMPBELL, Dot-CLAS (1839-93). An American lawyer and historical writer, born in Otsego County, N. Y. He graduated at Union College in 1860, studied law at Harvard, served for a time in the Civil War as cajitain of the 121st New York Volunteers, and was admitted to the New Y'ork bar in 1806. After about twenty years of practice, he retired, jiartly on account of ill health, to devote himself exclusively to the study of American history, and published a book, The Puritan in Holland, Fnylaud, and .imerica, an Introduction to Anu-riean His- lory (2 vols.. New York, 1892), which attnicted considerable attention and has identified Camp- bell's name with the theory that the legal and political institutions of the United States were ultimately derived, not from England, but from Holland — directly through the Dutch settlers of New Y'ork and indirectly through the Puritans of Massachusetts, who, before coming to America, had spent some years in Amsterdam and Ixwden. Though the book displays considerable erudition, its thesis has met with little support among his- torical scholars. Canijibell also published two pamphlets entitled, fjislorienl Fallnrirs Regard- ing Colonial 'New York (1879) : and The Origin of American Institutions as Illustrated in the History of the IT'riffcn liallof (1891).