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* CAMERON. 87 CAMILLUS. Hayes he strenuously opposed the executive pol- icy of civil-service reform, and in 1877 he re- signed his seat in order that his son, James Don- ald Cameron, might be elected in his place, there- by virtually keeping in the family the almost entire control of the Republican party in Penn- sylvania. CAMERON, Verney Lovett (1844-94). An English explorer. He was born at Weymouth, Dorsetshire, entered the British Xavy in 1857, and saw service on the east coast of Africa. In 1873 he was sent by the Royal Geographical So- ciety on a second ex])edition to relieve Living- stone. In August Lieutenant Cameron met Liv- ingstone's servants bearing their master's body to the coast. Cameron resolved to push on, and was the first European to cross tropical Africa from east to west, reaching the Atlantic in Xo- vember, 1875. He found some of Livingstone's papers and a map, explored the southern half of Lake Tanganyika, and learned that the Lualaba was really the Ujiper Congo. On his return he received many honors, including a D.C.L. from Oxford. He was also chosen to membership in more than thirty scientific societies. He was promoted to commander in the nay. He pub- lished an account of his travels under the title Across Africa (2 vols., 1876, 2d ed., 1885). In 1878-70 he traveled in Asiatic Turkey and on his return published Our Future Highway (1880), advocating a railway from Tripoli to India. In 1882, in company with 8ir Richard Burton, he visited the African Gold Coast in search of gold. CAM EROTSriANS. Followers of Richard Cameron (q.v. ). of Scotland; otheially known as Reformed Presbyterians. (See Pbesbtte- Bi.iNisM.) They are moderate Calvinists. and assert that the will of man is determined only by the practical judgment of the mind: that the cause of men's doing good or evil pro- ceeds from the knowledge that God infuses into them : and that God does not move the will physically, but only morally, by virtue of its dependence oh the mind. This peculiar doctrine of grace and free will was adopted by many eminent teachers, who thought Calvin's doctrine too harsh. CAMERONIANS (from Richard Cameron). A celebrated regiment of Scotch infantry in the British Army. In the British Army list it is desi-ribed as "The Camercnians (Scottish Rifles)," Territorial District 2fl: depot or regi- mental permanent headquarters, Hamilton, X. B. The regiment consists of two battalions, each of about IflOO men of all ranks, and belongs to the oldest division of the British Army. In its origin it dates back to the time when the Cove- nanters, a religions body embracing a large ma- jority of the Scottish people during the Seven- teenth Century, were in arms for the defense of their faith, and in many inst:inces went armed to their jjublic meetings. The movement became so formidable that the (iovernment pronounced illegal all armed assemblages for religious pur- poses. Richard Cameron, whose father, a small shop-keeper, had given him a good edication, joined the ranks of the Nonconformists, and became so obnoxious to the authorities that he was oomjjelled to take refuge in Holland. He retui-ned in 1080, and shortlv after the defeat of the Covenanters at Hothwcll Uridge, in that j'car, was slain in a skirmish at Aird's Moss. The few troops he had been able to collect, and at whose head he was killed, formed the nucleus of the Cameronian regiment of to-day. Consult: Cunningluim, Church History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1883) : and Burton, HisUory of Scotland (London. 1873). CAMEROON, ka'me-roon'. See Kamebun. CAMILING, kii'me-leng', A town of Luzon, Philippines, in the Province of Tarlac, about 16 miles northwest of Tarlac. Population, 24,000. CAMILTJA. In Roman fable, a virgin won- derfully swift of foot, who aided Turnus against iEneas (Vergil, JEneid, vii. 803). She was said to be a daughter of Jletabus, King of the Vol- scian town Privenium ( Piperno ) . CAMILLE, ka'mel' (Lat. Camilla). (1) The hei'oine of Corneille's Les Horaces. Her lover is one of the Curiatii killed by her brothers, as in the old Roman legend on which the play is founded. When she denounces the act, and the patriotism which caused it, she is stabbed by her brother. ( 2 ) The lieroine and title-character of the English adaptation of La Dame aux came- lias. Camille is Marguerite Gautier in the original. CAMIL'LO (Lat. Camillus). (1) A Sicilian lord who warns Polixenes of Leontes's designs against his life in Shakespeare's ^yinter's Tale. He escapes to Bohemia with the former monarch and remains there until the reconciliation of Polixenes and Leontes at the close of the piece. He is instrumental in bringing about the marriage of Florizel and Perdita. (2) The liusband of 'the white devil' in Webster's play of the latter name. He meets his death through the agency of the Duke of Bracchiano, his wife's paramour. See ('Ol;OMB.. ^'ITTOUIA. CAMILT,US and CAMIL'LA (Lat.). The names applied in ancient Rome to the boys and girls who shared in sacrificial ceremonies. If they were designed for the priesthood, it was necessary that their parents should be still liv- ing and free-born. CAMILL'CrS (Lat.). A pseudon^-m used in journalistic writing by Fisher Ames. It was used also by Alexander Hamilton and Rufus King. CAMILLUS, Marcus Furius (b.c. ? c.365). A celeljrated Roman patrician who first makes his appearance as consular tribune (B.C. 403). His military career was a series of unbroken successes, according to the accoimts which have come down to us : but these accoimts were showTi by Niebuhr to possess a considerable ad- mixture of mythological or poetic fiction. In 306 Camillus was made dictator, during the Veientine War, in which he mined and captured tlic city of Veii; but the proud splendor of his subsequent triumph otlended the Roman popu- lace, who were still further clis[)lcased when Camillus demanded a tithe of the spoils of Veii, in order to fulfill a vow made to Apollo, on con- dition of victory. In 394 Camillus was again elected consular tribune, and besieged Falerii, whose inhabitants, after bravely defending them- selves, were led by a magnanimous act of Ca- millus to yield unconditionally. Afterwards, Camillus, being accused of peculation, and fore- seeing certain condemnation, banished himself from Rome, 301, and lived in retirement at .r- dea, iintil Brcnnus, at the head of his wild