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* CAMERON. 86 CAMERON. in tlic assault upon the outworks. He eoniniand- ed the troops in New Zeahind in 18(>3. and in the following; year was made a knijjlit com- mander of the Order of the Bath, in recognition of his services against the -Maoris. He became lieutenant-general in 18G8 and general in 1874, and from lS(iS to 1875 was governor of the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. CAMERON, George Frederick (1854-85). A Canadian poet, born at Xew Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Educated at Queen's University, Kings- ton, he jiassed seeral years in the United States and then returned to Canada, becoming editor of the Kingston Sews. A master of rhythm and cadence, Cameron was the most in- tensely lyrical poet Canada has yet produced. His verse was praised by Swinburne, Tennyson, and JIatthew Arnold. Consult : Iji/?ics on Free- dom, Love, and Death, edited by C. J. Cameron (Boston, 1887); and Stedman, Vietorian An- tlwh;i!i (Xew York, 1895). CAMERON, .I.MES Donald (18.33—). An American capitalist and politician, known as 'Don' Cameron. He was born in Harrisburg, Pa., the eldest son of Simon Cameron (q.v.); graduated at Princeton in 1802, and became en- gaged in banking and various industrial enter- prises. As president of the Northern Central Railroad, he did great service to the Union cause during the Civil War. In 187H he was appointed Secretary of Yar. and in March, 1877, succeeded his father as United States Senator. By successive reelections he retained his seat until 1807, when he retired from public life. In 1880 he was chairman of the Republican Na- tional Committee. CAMERON, .ToH.N' (1579-1625). A Scotch scholar and divine. He was born in Glasgow and was educated at the university of that city, where, in his twentieth year, he held an appoint- ment as reader ill Greek. In 1000 he set out to travel in France, where his ability and erudition secured for him a philosophical professorship in the University of Sedan. He afterwards acted as a Protestant clergyman in Bordeaux, and on the death of Gomarus (1018), was ap- pointed to the divinity chair in the University of Saumur, an appointment he held until 1020, when, returning to Britain, he was appointed principal of the University of (ilasgow (1022); but in less than a year he returned to Saumur: thence to Montauban, where he received a di- vinity professorship (1624). Here his opposi- tion to the party who advocated a civil war made him many enemies, by one of whom he was stabbed in the" street (May 13, 1625) ; and he died from the efTeets of the wound a few months later. He was considered one of the best scholars of his time; in biblical criticism he was inclined to be pen'erse: where there was a difliculty, he usiuilly chose the opposite view to that held by other divines, especially Beza, His theological opinions were of a somewhat lax character, his works being said to be the foundation of Amyraut's doctrine of universal grace. So he is called the founder of the mod- crate Calvinistic sehoid of Saumur. His col- lected works were published with a memoir by L. Cappcl (Geneva, 1642). CAMERON, Richard ( ? -1680). A Scotch minister, born in Falkland, Fife. He was founder of the sect of Cameronians. a term popularly applied to but declined by the Re- formed Presbyterians. The son of a trades- man, he was an apt pupil at the vilbige school, and while still a youth became schoolmaster and precentor. He espoused the cause of the itinerant (ield-preachers, and, possessing nat- ural eloquence, was licensed and admitted to their numbers. In 1070 he joined banished friends in Holland, but returned in 1080, and with others strenuously i-esisted the measures that reinstated the Episcopal Church in Scot- land, and proscribed the meetings for public worship of unauthorized religiois bodies. He persisted in preaching in the fields and antago- nized the Government by an attitude of de- fiance. In June. 1080, with twenty well-:irmed companions, he entered the town of Sanquhar, and in the market-place formally renounced al- legiance to Charles II,, for abu,se of power, and declared war against him and his adherents. He retired to the hills between Nithsdale and Ayrshire, and succeeded in evading capture for a month, though a price of 5000 marks was set upon Cameron's head by the Government, and 3000 for the heads of the other leaders. They were surprised by a superior force in Aird's Moss, .Inly 20, 1080. and after a brave fight Cameron was killed. His hands and head were cut off and fixed u])on the Netherbow Port, Edin- burgh. The followers who esc<>pcd were induced by the Edinburgh Convention of 1080 to assist in the revolution, and formed the nucleus of the renowned Cameronian regiment (q.v.) of the British .4rmy. Consult Herkless, Itichard Cam- eron, in Famous Scots Series (New York, 1890). CAMERON, Simon (1790-1889). An Ameri- can politician. He was born in Donegal, Pa., was a printer and then an editor, and early in life became prominent in State and national politics. In return for his s<Tviccs toward secur- ing the renomination of Andrew Jaclcson, he ob- tained the Pennsylvania political patronage and aluable Government contracts, and thus ac- quired the beginnings of his great fortune. Largely through his efforts James Buchanan was elected to the United States Senate and later became President. In 1845 ilr. Cameron, now very wealthy, was elected by the Democrats to the United States Senate, He had always been a protectionist, and when his term expired (1849) he became a leader of the People's Party and fused it with the new Republic;in Party, and was again elected to the Senate in 1856, In 1800 he was a prominent candidate for the Presi- dency in the convention that nominated Lincoln, and in 1801 was by the latter appointed Secre- tary of War, though his appointment was bitterly opposed by many men of prominence. Soon after becoming a member of the Cabinet, he expressed himself in favor of anning fugitive slaves, a policy which President Lincoln then op[)osed, and. much evidenie lieins adduced in Congress to prove the corruption of bis administration of the dei)artment, he was asked, in January. 1802, to resign his portfolio. From then until the fol- lowing year he served as United States Minister to Russia. He rendered the country a valuable service in opposing the ellorts of those who sought to defeat Lincoln's renomination. He was chosen United States Senator in ISOO and again in 1872. In the administration of President