Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/902

* CAIAPHAS. 792 CAIN. indeed the Christ, Son of God. The answer being in the affirmative (Matt. xxi. 64), the high priest pretended to be sorely grieved at wliat he considered blaspliemy, and appealed to Christ's enemies to say if that was not enough. The answer was that Christ deserved death, and according to Matt, xxvii. 1, and .John xviii. 28, the sentence was ratified at a formal meeting of the Sanliedrin on the following morning. The high priest, however, did not have the power of final condemnation, which rested with the Koman authorities, to whom Jesus was accordingly handed over. Later Caiaphas persecuted the fol- lowers of .Jesus (Acts iv. 0, v. 17). CAIBABIEN, ki-ba're-an'. A seaport on the northern coast of Cuba, in the province of Santa Clara. It has some coastwise trade and sponge- fisheries (Map: Cuba, F 4). Population, in 1899, 7013. CAICOS (ki'kos) ISLANDS ( Sp. coj/o, rock, shoal, islet in the sea). A group of small islands at the southeastern extremity of the Bahamas, lying between latitude 21° and 22° N., and longi- tude 71° and 72%° W. (Map: West Indies. M 4). Though geographically a portion of the Bahamas and formerly under the government of Bahama, they form with Turk Islands a separate govern- ment under the Governor of .Jamaica. There are, inchiding the Turk grotips lying sotitheast, more than thirty small islands, having an area of less than 200 square miles, but only six are inhabited. The largest is Grand Caicos. which is 20 miles long by 6 broad. The seat of govern- ment is at Grand Turk. The chief industry is salt-raking, and a considerable amount of salt is exported annually to the United States, Can- ada, and Newfoundland. There is also a sponge- fishery. Population, about 5000. CAIFA, ki'fa, or HAIFA, hi'fa. A seaport of Syria, on the Bay of Acre, lying upon a spur of Mount Carmel (Map: Palestine, B 2). Since the establishment of direct steam connection with Kurope. and the completion of the railway line from Damascus, the little seaport has grown rapidly in commercial imptfi'tance, and promises to be a strong rival of Acre, over which it has the advantage of a safe harbor. There are a number of missionary schools, and not far from the town is a settlement of German Templars, established there since 1869. Population, about 10,000, mostly Mohammedans. CAILLETET, ka'ye-ta', Louis Paul (1832 — ). A French chemist and ironmaster, born at Chatillon-sur-Seine. He studied at the School of Mines in order to engage in the iron industry in his native town. In addition to his business interests, he devoted himself to the study of chemistry and worked on original researches, paying especial attention to metallurgical investi- gations and the liquefaction of gases. In 1877 he succeeded in liquefying both oxygen and nitro- gen. For this work he was honored by election to the Aeademie des Sciences, first (1877) as a corresponding member and then (1884) as a full memiier. In 1889 he was appointed an officer of the Legion of Honor. A few days after Cai! letet's discovery Raoul Pictet (q.v.), a Swiss chemist, succeeded in obtaining the same result by another method. "CAILLIAUD, ka'y6', FR^DliRlc (1787-1869). A Frencli traveler. " After visiting southern Europe, Asia Minor, and Egypt, he was engaged by Mehemet Ali to explore the deserts along the Mile and near the Red Sea. On this voyage he discovered the emerald-mines of Mount Zabara. He returned to France with a valuable collection of antiquities, plants, and minerals, and pub- lished Voi/oj/e a I'oasis de Thcies (1821). He went again to Egypt and made explorations in 1821-22 in the eastern deserts, accompanying Ibrahim Pasha on his expedition of conquest to Sennar. Among the relics of antiquity brought by him to France and ptirchased by the Govern- ment was a nnimmy, inscribed with hieroglyphic characters accompanied by a Greek translation, which proved of great help to Champollion in the study of the ancient language. He published Voyage a Mcroe (1826-27) and several other works on the antiquities and present customs of Egj'pt. CAILLIE, ka'ya', Rene (1799-1838). A French traveler. He was born at Jlauze, Deux- S6vres, and early in life became a traveler in Africa, supporting himself by trade with the Moors, from whom he learned Arabic. He dressed as an Arab and passed as an Egyptian. He penetrated as far as Timbid<tu in 1828. and for this exploit received a prize of 10,000 francs from the (-Jeographical Society of Paris, besides a pension of 1000 francs and admission to the Legion of Honor. His notes of travel, arranged by jM. Joniard, were published under the title Journal d'un ruyage a Tomhdiictou et a Jenn6 dans l'Afri(jue centrale (3 vols., 1830). CAIMACAM, kai'ma-kiim', or KAIMA- KAM (Turk, qaimaqam, Ar. qa'lm, maqani, liter- ally, substitute from qa'im, standing, scil. in another's + maqam, place). A Turkish officer corresponding to lieutenant-colonel in the army, or lieutenant-governor in the civil sei'vice. The Caimacam of Constantinople is the lieutenant of the Grand Vizier, whom he represents in proces- sions. Such officers also act as governors in the principal towns. CAIMAN, ka'mon. See Caym. . CAIN. According to biblical tradition, the first born of Adam and Eve. His story is given in Gen. iv., which belongs in substance to J in the modern distribution of the Pentateuchal sources. He tilled the soil and brought its fruits to God in sacrifice. When he found that his brother Abel's sacrifices of sheep were accepted, probably because made with love of God, as his were not, he became jealous of Abel, and slew him. The murderer was banished by the Al- mighty from the ancestral home, and on him was put some sign "lest any one finding him should smite him." He went with his wife to the land of Nod and there laid the foundation of the first city. The name Cain is explained in Gen. iv. 1 as meaning 'acquisition' : but others take it as 'spear,' or 'smith.' Canon Cheyne and others of the modern critical biblical school consider that Gen. iv. is composed of several stories relating to different Cains, and that one of them was the eponym of the Kenites. Their story of this lat- ter Cain was intended to explain the invincible Kenitish aversion to dwelling in cities, and preference for the nomad stale, by linking the Kenite with the first wanderer. Cain is alluded to in the New Testament aj^ synonymous with a wicked man (Heb. John "iii. 12; Jude, verse 11). tament ax . xi. 4; J