Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/886

* CADOKNA. 780 C^CILITTS STATIUS. fantry, and in 1854 served as a lieutenant-colonel on the general staff. In 1800 he was appointed Minister of War in the Provisional Government of Tuscany, and in lSG(i military commandant of Sicily. He was sent in the latter year to Palermo and succeeded in crushing the remnants of the Bourbon insurrection. In 1870 he captured Rome, of which he was for a time military Gov- ernor. In 1871 he became a member of the Senate. He published La liherazione di Roma vel ISl'O (188!)). CADOTJDAL, kii'dw'dal', Georges (1771- 1801 ). The leader in the Chouan insurrection during the French Revolution. He was born near Auray, in Lower Brittany, where his father was a miller, and was among the first to take up arms against the Republic, soon acquiring great influ- ence over the peasants. Captured in 1794, he was sent as a prisoner to Brest, whence he soon made his escape. Annoyed at the dissen- sions between the Vendean generals and the emi- grant officers, and the disasters consequent there- on, Cadoudal organized an army in which no noble ^^'as permitted to conunand, and which it ta.ed all the great military talents of Hoche to disperse. In 1797 Cadoudal was the soul of the conspiracy to overthrow the Direc- tory and place a Bourbon on the throne; but the' events of the ISth Fructidor frustrated the plan of the conspirators. He continued to carry on a guerrilla warfare in Lower Brittany long after the regular armies of the ^'endC-e had surrendered. Bonaparte recognized Cadoudal's energy and force of character, and offered to make him a lieutenant-general in his army. Cadoudal refused. Fearing arrest, he fled to England, where, in 1802, he conspired with Pichegru for the destruction of the First Consul. With this design he went to Paris, but was arrested, con- demned, and executed ,lune 25, 1804. Cadoudal was a man of stern honesty and indomitable resolution. "His mind was cast in tlie true mold : in my hands lie would have done great things," was Napoleon's estimate of him. Con- sult Georges de Cadoudal, Georges Cadoudal et la Choiiannerie (Paris. 1887). CADRE, ka'dr' (Fr., frame, from Lat. quad- rum, square). The commissioned and non-commis- sioned staff officers, including the artificers and musicians, of a regiment. The term includes prac- tically all the oiilcers, non-commissioned olTicers, and men necessary in the construction of a frame- work or organization. aroind which may be as- sembled the' rank and file required to constitute a regiment. It is peculiarly a French institution, and has particular application to the permanent regimental headquarters staff, about which a re- serve ii'giment would assemble if mobilized. CADUCEUS, ka-du'.se-us (Lat., from Gk. K-qp- i/iteior, kcrykeion, jEo. xapiKiov, kari/kion, her- ald's staff; for the interchange of D and R, op. ar-biter for ''adbiter). The winged staff of Mercury, or Hermes, as he was called by the Greeks. In its earliest form it is com- ])oscd of three branches, one forming the handle, and the other two intertwined. This is also the herald's staff, as it appears in early w-orks of art, and is borne also by Iris, as well as by earthly messengers. Later, the place of the intertwined branches is taken by snakes, and in a still later form the staff is furnished with wings. Homer refers to the magic golden wand of ilermes, but without reference to its form. Among the moderns the caduceus is used as an emldem of connnerce, over vhich Mercury was the presiding divinity. CADWALADER, krid-wol'o-der, George ( 1804-79). An American lawyer and soldier. He was born in Philadelphia, where he studied law and practiced that profession. He was a briga- dier-general of volunteers in the Mexican War, and for gallantry at Chapultepec was brevett^d major-general. He again practiced law until the outbreak of the Civil War, became a major- general of volunteers in April. lS(i2, and in the same year was appointed a member of the com- mission to revise the military laws and regu- lations of the LTnited States. He was the author of Scrinces in the Mexican C'ampairin of ISJ/l (1848). CADWALADER, George. Gent. An as- sumed name of George B. Dodington. CADWALADER, or CADWALLADER, JoiiX (1742-801. An American soldier. He was born in Philadelphia, where he served as a member of the Committee of Safety, and at the beginning of the Revolutionary War was made commander of the Pennsylvania militia, with the rank of brigadier-general. He participated in the battles of the Brandywine, Germantown. Mon- mouth, and Trenton, and in July, 1778, fought a duel with Gen. Thomas Conway, the leader of the cabal against Washington. (See CoKW.w Cab.l. ) Subsequently General Cadwalader was a member of the Maryland Legislative Assembly. CADWALLADER. In Foote's farce. The Autliuy, a cliaracter burlesquing a certain Mr. Aprice, his friend, who later secured the play's withdrawal. CADWALLADER, Rev. Mr. The easy-tem- pered village parson in George Eliot's Middle- march. CADWALLOIT, kad-w611on. A harper in Scoff's The lictrolhed, who is killed for disguis- ing himself as Vidal. CffiCIL'IA GENS. A plebeian clan of Rome of which mention is found in the Fifth Century B.C. Its family names are Bassus, Denter, Metel- lus. Niacr. Pinna, and Rufus. CiECILIA METEL'LA, Tomb of. The most conspicuous ruin on llie Appian Way, near Rome, the magnificent burial-place of the daughter of Metellus Creticus and daughter-in-law of the triumvir Crassus. The tomb formerly known as Capo de Bove, from its frieze of ox-skulls, is a circular edifice measuring 65 feet in diameter, standing on a square base. The whole was sheathed with travertine, which was removed under Pope Sixtus V. for use in other buildings. The tomb was converted into a battlemented stronghold in the Thirteenth Century. The secret passage to the crypt was accidentally found by workmen who were dismantling the base in the Sixteenth Century. The sarcophagus is still pre- served. CffiCILIID^, ses'Ml'i-de (Neo-Lat., from Lat. Ca-cilia, a kind of lizard, from cwcus^, blind). A family of degenerate, worm-like, bur- rowing amphibians of the tropics. See Blind- woRir, 3. C-iECILIXJS STATIUS, sft-slll-us sta'shi-us (B.C. ?-l8). A Roman comic poet and dra- matist, of whose works few fragments reniain. The people ranked him with Plautus and Ter-