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* CADIZ. 779 CADORNA. dissolution of the Roman Empire to the battle of the Guadalete, when the Moors took possession of the southern peninsula. It whs taken by the Christians in I2(i2. In 1587 Drake deslroveil the Spanish ships of war at Cadiz. In lo'JG the town was captured and sacked by the Knglish under Howard and Essex. The French invested the place in lSlO-12, but were compelled to raise the siege. In 1S23 the Cortes retired to Cadiz and made a stand against the French army of invasion. In August the French stormed the Trocadero, and the struggle of the Constitution- alists was brought to a close. CADIZ. A village and county-seat of Har- rison County, Ohio, about 2,5 miles northwest of Wheeling, W. Va., on a branch road connecting with the Pittsburg. Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad (Map: Ohio, Ho). It has im- portant commercial interests in wool, and. though but a village, is noted as a banking centre, rank- ing among the leading municipalities of the State. Cadiz was the home of Edwin M. Stanton. Population, in 1890, 171C; in 1900, 1755. CADME'A, or CADMEI'A. The name given to the acropolis of Thebes. Bo?otia, because it was said to have been founded by Cadmus. The citadel was a low eminence and antedated the surrounding city. Only fragments of its walls remain. CADME'ANS, or CADMEI'ANS. The name given to the inhabitants of Boeotian Thebes by the Greek dramatists. CADMEAN VICTORY. A popular expres- sion for a gain secured at great loss, and refer- ring to the mutual slaughter of the warriors who sprang up from the dragon's teeth sown by C:idmu~. CAD'MIA (Lat., the ore of zinc, dross or slag formed in a furnace, from Gk. KaSftia, kadmia. calamine). The term applied to the crust formed in zinc furnaces, which contains from 10 to 20 per cent, of cadmium. CAD'MIUM (Xeo-Lat., from Lat. cadmia; see Cadmia I. A metallic element discovered in 1817 by Stromeyer. It is not found native, but occurs as the sulphide in the mineral greenockite, and in association with zinc ores. Greenockite is found in Bohemia and in Hungary; also in Le- high County, Pa., but in too small quantities to be of commercial importance. Cadmium is a constituent of most zinc ores, and as it is more volatile than zinc it passes over first, in the reduction of such ores, as cad- mium oxide. This is collected, mixed with char- coal, and the mi.xture heated in iron tubes, from which the cadmium distills over in a more or less impure state. In order to purify it, the metal is redistilled and the product dissolved in hydro- chloric acid, from which solution metallic cad- mium is precipitated with zinc. Cadmium (symbol, Cd ; atomic weight, 112. .38) is a bluish-white lustrous metal with a fibrou.s fracture, and capable of taking a higli polish. Us specific gr.avitv is 8.65. It melts at 320' C. n;08° F.) and boi'ls at 7G3' C. (1405.4° F.). It finds some use in the manufacture of alloys, as it generally increases the fusibility of metals with- out destroying their malleability. An amalgam of cadmium and tin is used in dentistry. Cadmium forms a regular series of salts, of which the iodide, obtained by digesting one part of the metal with two parts of iodine in water Vol. III.— 50. and evaporating the solution, is used in medicine, and also for iodizing collodion. The most im- portant compound of cadmium is the sulphide, which is precipitated from a solution of a cadmium salt by hj-drogen sulphide. Cadmium sulphide is an orange or lemon-yellow powder that is of great permanency, and is used as a pigment under the name of cadmium yellow. It is also used for coloring toilet soaps, for the pro- duction of blue flames in pyrotcchny, and in calico-printing. CADMUS (Gk. Kd6ftoc, Kadmos). According to ApoUodorus and the later mythographers, the son of Agenor, King of Plio-nicia. and Tclephassa, and hrother of Europa. When Europa was car- ried oft' by Zeus, Cadmus and his brothers, as also their mother, were sent in quest of her, with in- junctions from Agenor not to return without her. Their search was vain, and the oracle at Delphi told Cadmus to relinquish it, and to follow a cow which he should meet, and build a city where it should lie down. He found the cow in Phocis, followed it to Ba>otia, and built there the city of Thebes, of which the acropolis was called Cadmea. At Thebes he killed a dragon, guard- ian of the well of Ares, and sowed its teeth, from which sprang armed men. These fought to- gether till only five remained, who took service with Cadmus and became the ancestors of Theban families. Cadmus married Harmonia, daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, and later went to Illyria. He was considered the inventor of many useful arts, and to him was attributed the introduction of the Ph(enician alphabet into Greece. This story, however, is unknown to the earlier Greek writers, and has been compiled out of many scat- tered and often inconsistent local legends. The Phoenician origin of Cadmus seems an invention of the Asiatic Greeks, and it is quite impossible to use the story as a basis for any historical nar- rative of Phcenician colonists in Boeotia. For a full collection of the material and bibliography, consult Crusius, s. v. "Kadmos." in Roscher, Lexikon der ilythologie (Leipzig, 1884). CADO'GAN, George Henry, Earl (1840—). A British statesman. He was born in Durham and studied at Christ Church College, Oxford. In 1873 he was returned as a member of Parlia- ment foi- Bath, and in 1875 was appointed Par- liamentary Secretary for War. From 1878 to 1880 he was Under-Secretar.v for the Colonies, and from 1886 to 1S95 Lord' Privy Seal. From 1895 to 1902 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ire- land. He took a prominent part in the discus- sion of the Irish Land Bill in 1887. CADOL, ka'dtiV. Victor Eoouard (1831-98). A French dramatist, born in Paris. He was at first in the Government service, but afterwards became a journalist, was a member of the Temps staff, and with About, Sarccy, and Gasperini founded L'Esiirit Francois, lie i)ublished a long list of works, many written in collaboration. There may be mentioned f.cs amhilions de M. Fauvel (18ti7); La faunae mounaie (1869); Le spectre de Patrick (1872); Therise Gervais (1893); and L'archiduehesse (1897). His dra- matic works were collected in 1897 as Theatre incdit (18971. CADOOBER'GIA WOOD. Sec Ebony. CADORNA, k.i clor'na. Raffaele (1815-97). . Italian genirul, liorn in -Milan. During the Crimean War he commanded a battalion of in-