Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/844

* BUXTON. 744 BUZZARD. for many years, and no one displayed more indomitable zeal and firmness in its advocacy. In IS.'S" lie was rejected by his constituency, and refused ever after to stand for a borough. In 1840 he became a baronet. For his life, consult Me)noir.<i of Sir T. F. litixton, Bart., edited by his son, t'harles Buxton (London. 1872). BUXTORF, byks'torf, Joiianx, the Elder (1564-1629). A German Orientalist. He was born at Kamen, Westphalia, l^cember 25, 1564. His student years were spent at Marburg, Hcr- born, Heidelberg, Basel, Zurich, and Geneva, and after traveling through Germany and Switzer- land he settled at Basel, w'here he became pro- fessor of Hebrew in 1591, at the instance of his teacher, Grvmrus. and there died of the plague, September "l3, 1620. It was while studying at Herbom under Pisea- tor that he imbibed his love for Hebrew, to the studj' of which and of Rabbinical literature he devoted his life. He associated much with learned Jews, and so great was his acquaintance with Jewish writings that he was frequently consulted ■by .Tews on matters relating to cereiunnial laws. His learning gained for him the title 'Master of the Rabbins.' His most important works are Synaqoga Jxtdaica hoc est Schola Jiidworuin (1604); his liiblia Behraica Rabbinica (1618- 19) ; his Tiberias; sive Commentarius Massore- Ihicus (1620) ; his Lexicon Chaldaicum Talmudi- cum et Rabhinictim (1639), a most comprehen- sive work of which a new edition was issued by Fischer (1866-74) ; and his Concordant iw Biblio- riim UebraicoriDn (I6.S2; new ed. by Biir, 1862- 63). The two last-named works were, liowever, not completed by Buxtoif, and were published after his death in completed form by his son, Johann Buxtorf. Consult Kautsch, Johann Bux- torf dcr A el fere (Tubingen, 1880). BUXTORF, Johann. the Younger (1599- 1664). .Son of the preceding, also an Orien- talist. He was born at Basel, August 13, 1599. At the age of 12 he entered tlie university at Basel, and at 16 he received the diploma as Master of Arts from the hands of his father. .fter finishing his studies he proceeded to Hei- delberg and subsequently to Geneva. In 1623 he was offered the chair of logic at Lausanne, but declined, preferring to return to Basel, where, after holding various clerical offices, he was elected, in 1629, to succeed his father at the university. He remained in Basel, holding during his residence various chairs until his death on August 16, 1664. He was married four times; his first three wives dying shortly after marriage. Of his children, all died ' young except two boys, one of whom, Johaim Jacob, .succeeded his father in the chair of Hebrew-. Much of his life was spent in controversies re- garding disputed biblical and theological ques- tions, notably regarding the antiquity of the vowel system in Hebrew. Besides liis Lexicon Chaldaicum et Si/riacum. which appeared (Basel, 1622) with a preface by his father, he completed and ijublished from the MSS. of his father the Lexicon Chaldaicum, Talmudicnm, et Ilabbinicum (Basel, 1639) and (^oncordantiw Bibliorum Be- braicnrum (Basel, 1632). BUX'US. See Box. BUYS-BAIiLOT, bois'ba'lf/, Curistophorus Henrici s DiDKRicr.s (1817-90). A Dutch meteorologist, born at Kloetinge, and educated at the University of Utrecht. He became professor of mathematics in the university (1847), and professor of experimental physics (1870). In 1854 he was appointed director of the Royal meteorological institute at Utrecht. He was the first to make a practical application of a sys- tem of storm-signals in Europe and invented the aerochinoscope, used on the Dutch coast to com- municate to vessels at a distance the direction from which wind or storm is to be expected. He is, perhaps, best known for the Buys-Ballot Law, a statement expressing the connection of wind- directions with a given storm-centre. He was active in endeavoring to obtain an international uniformity in meteorologic observations. His publications include Changements jiiriodiques de hi temperature (1847); Eenige regelen voor te wachten van iceerr-erandering in Nederland (1860: "Some Rules Regarding Weather Changes in Holland"), and 40 volumes of the Annual of the ileteorological Institute. BUZAU, brio'tsou, BUZEO, or BUSEO. The capital of a district in western Wallacliia, Ru- mania, on the Buzau River, and on the Ruma- nian-Bucharest Railway. It is an episcopal see, with a cathedral establishment and other pub- lic buildings, and has a considerable domestic trade. Population, in 1899, 21,561. BUZ'FUZ, Sergeant. A caricature of a con- temporary class of barrister in Dickens's Pick- tcick Papers. He is counsel for Mrs. Bardell ia her breach of promise suit against Pickwick. His firm has taken up her ease thinking that the latter will pay the costs; and when they lose tlieir fees by the defendant's choice of jail in- stead of blackmail, they very nearly land their own client in prison. Buzfuz is inimitable at showing dark intentions in the most innocent actions and speeches of Pickwick. BUZULUK, bw'zoo-look' (founded in 1756 on the Bunuhik River). A district town in the Government of Samara, Russia, 110 miles east- southeast of the city of Samara (Map: Russia, H 4). The chief industries include the casting of church bells and the preparation of sheep- skins. Poi)ulation, in 1897, 14,500. BUZZARD (OF. buzart, Fr. buse, from Low Lat. busio, Lat. 5«feo, akind of falcon or hawk). A hawk of the genus Buteo, a widely distributed group. They are of medium or rather large size, heavy-bodied, of strong but measured llight. They are not so spirited as the falcons (<i.v.) and capture their prey more stealthily. They live very largely on the smaller mammals, such as field-mice and squirrels, but they also often capture bird.s, and arc frequent visitors to the poultry-yard. The wings are rather long and pointed, exceeding the tail; feet robust, with tarsi partially feathered. The type of the genus is the common buzzard of Europe (Buteo vul- garis), which measures about four feet across the wings, and is prevailingly brown, with a con- siderable mixture of black on the upper parts, and of white or grayish white on the under. In America this species is replaced by Swainson's buzzard (Buteo Su:ainsoni), which is one of the commonest large hawks from the Mississippi westward to the Pacific. It occasionally strays eastward through the Northern States. In color it is only slightly difi'erent from the European species, but it is somewhat larger. Some nine or ten other buzzards occur in the United States,