Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/813

* BUST. 723 BUTADES. for this subject will bo Briinn and Ariult. (Iricchischc uiid romischc I'ortriitii (Munich, 1891, et spq.), a large folio publication with fine photographs and careful doscri])tions. Correspondingly important for the 2)ortraits of the Italian Renaissance is Bode's folio work, also with superb photographs. Die UcnJcmiiler der Henaissance in Italien (Munich, 1894). BTISTAMANTE, boC'sta-man'ta. Carlos Ma- ria i)E I1774-1S48). A Jlexican historian, born at Oajaca. In 1812 lie connnanded a regiment un- der Morelos in the first Mexican war for inde- pendence, and in 1821 marched with Santa Anna to the capital. From 180,5 he was editor of the Diario de Mejico. He wrote several works of value for the study of modern Me.ican history. These include Ciiadro historico de la revolucioyt, mexicana (2 vols., 1823: 6 vols., 1843-4G) ; £fis- toria del Emperador Don Agustin de Iturbide; and Historia de In invasion de los Atigl-o-Ameri- canos en ilcjico (1S4T). BUSTAMENTE, boo'sta-man'ta, or BUSTA- MANTE. l)rTn'sta-man't«. Axa.stasio (1780- ISo.S). A Mexican politician. He was born in Tiquilpan (iliehoacan), Mexico, became a phy- sician, and joined the militia in 1808. He waa among the earliest supporters of Iturbide when the revolt against Spain began in 1821. When Iturbide was overthrown in 1823, Bustamente went into retirement, but in 1829 he was chosen Vice-President of the Republic, exercising the full powers of President. He resigned when Santa Anna's revolution of 1832 proved successful, and the next year was exiled, living in Europe until 1836. After the downfall of Santa Anna, in 1836, he was recalled, and in 1837 was elected President. After a prosperous administration, he was compelled by disturbances to resign the Presidency in favor of Santa Anna in 1839 and again went to Europe, returning in 1845. He participated in the war with the United States. BUSTAN, bUo-stan' (Pers. 6k, fragrance -f stan, place; cf. Afghani.sfau, BaluchisfoH, Kur- distan, etc). The title of a number of Persian works, the best known of which is by Sadi (q.v. ). The term means literally a flower-gar- den, and suggests our own use of the word an- thologi,-. i.e. a collection of beautiful writings. BUSTARD (variant of bistard, OF. Ustarde, ountardi, from Lat. avis tard<i ; avis, bird, tarda, slow). One of the large game-birds of the Old World family Otididae, which partakes of the characteristics of both the cranes and the jdovers. They inhabit o|)en country, being par- tial to the steppes of Russia and ^southwestern Asia, and to the plains of Africa ; and are both swift runners and powerful on the wing, although the species vary in their liking for flight. The great bustard (Otis tarda), extinct in Great Britain, but found in open regions "from Spain to Mesopotamia," is a large bird, weighing from 25 to 30 pounds ordinarily, gay in color, with wings strongly marked with black and white, and the back, shoulders, and breast (of the male) ornamented with russet, bay, and black. It feeds mainly on leaves, buds, fruits, etc., but seems to take insects, worms, or anything edible it meets. Its flesh is tender, and it is regarded as a first-class game-bird. The little bustard (Otiii tetrax) is a smaller and more handsome species, inhabiting both shores of the ileiliterran- ean. The houbaras {Otis houbara and Otis Macqurcni) range from Morocco to India, and form the favorite game-birds of the .Asiatic plains, where they are nuich hunted on camel- back, the sportsman .so mounted being able to get near a Hock that would take early alarm at his approach on foot. The Anglo-Indian name, 'florican,' is applied to .several snuilb'i' Indian species, and tho.se of the South African plains are called knoorhaans by the Dutch an<l English col- onists. Australia possesses a species, hut none occur in the Xew World, so that the distribution, as well as the ornithological alfinilies of these birds, is very puzzling. A structural point of interest is the presence in several species of a highly distensible gular pouch, with an opening under the tongue, concerning which much specu- lation has been indulged in. Stejneger is no doubt right in declaring that it is simply a secondary se.xual character, for display in courtship, com- parable to that of the pectoral sandpiper. Attempts to domesticate these birds have failed, although individuals may easily be tamed, from their inability to breed in confinement. Cer- tain other birds are erroneously called bustards; as the Magellanic goose of Argentina. Consult Chapman and Buck. TFi7<i Africa (London. 1893). See Pla(e of Bi stai!ds. BUSTARD QUAIL (Anglo-Indian). See BVTTO.X tJUAIL. BUSTO-ARSIZIO, boo'sto iir-se'tso-C. A city in Xorthcrn Italy, 21 miles northwest of Milan. The church, which was designed l)y Bramante, contains frescoes by Gaudenzio Ferrari (Jlap: Italy, C 2). The town has manufactures of cot- ton goods and a trade in wine. Population, in ISSl. 13.000; in UlOl, 19,673. BUSULUK, boo'soolook'. See BuzixuK. BUSY, biz'i, Zeal-of-the-Land. A carica- ture of the Puritan, occurring in Ben .Tonson's comedy, ISartholomeic Fair. He is a glutton and a boor, a philistine and a hypocrite. The name has since liecome typical of a notorious class. BUSYBODY, The. The nom de plume signed by Benjamin Franklin to a series of papers writ- ten in the manner of Addison's Spectator. They a])peared at the time of his purchase of the I'hiladclphia Gazette. BUSYBODY, The. A comedy by Mrs. Cent- livre, produced at Drury Lane, May 12, 1709, and ])ublished in quarto the same year. It is partial- ly founded on .JoiLson's The Dernl is an Ass and first introduces the famous character of Marplot, after which the sequel of the play, produced at Drury Lane. December 30, 1710. and printed in quarto 1711. is called. Henry Wood- ward ])roduced a revision of the latter play under the title of Marplot in Lisbon. BU'TADES. . Greek potter of Sicyon, prob- ably before n.c. 000. A clay relief dedicated by him at Corinth was believed to be the first ever made, .ccording to the legend. Butades, seeing on a wall a drawing in outline of his daughter's lover, molded the face in clay, and baked it with the tiles which it was his business to make. This raised relief, and also the relief formed by pressing in the background with a stamp, were first used to ornament the ends of roof-tiles, and later for other jjurposes. All this is probably Corinthian legend, and little more than the existence of the ancient relief with the name of Butades can be regarded as historicaL