Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/804

* BURY. 716 BUSBECQ. Among other municipal undertakings are public baths, opened in 18G4, markets, and an infectious diseases hospitul. Bury was early a seat of the woolen manufactures, carried on by Flem- ings; but these, though still considerable, now yield in importance to those of cotton. Besides spinning and weaving factories, there are impor- tant print, bleach, Jiaper, and dye-works, and some large foundries and engine manufactories. In the vicinity are excellent freeslone-(|uarries, and abundant" coalmines. Population, in 1891, 57.26-i: in 1901, 58,028. BURY, bu'ri, .John B. ( 1861 — ) . An Irish scliolar. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, of whieli lie became fellow and tutor in 1885. In 1893 he was appointed professor of modern history in Dublin University. In 1898 he was transferred to the chair of (ireek. He edited the Xemean Odes of Pindar (1890), the Isthmian Odes (1892), Freeman's Ilistury of Fcdrral Gov- ernment in Greece and Italy (1893), and Gib- bon's Decline and Fall (1890-99). His other publications include a Ilintori/ of the Later Ko- )iian Empire from Arradius to Irene (1889) and a Student's History of the lioman Empire from Auyustus to Marcus Aurelius (1893). BURY, RiCH.-VRD DE (1281-1345). An Eng- lish prelate, so called from his birthplace. Bury Saint Eduumds; his real name was Aunger- ville. He was educated at Oxford and became a Benedictine monk at Durham ; was tutor to Edward III.; was appointed Dean of Wells in 1333, and in the same year was sent on a mission to the Pope, who made him Bishop of Durham. He lield the office of High Chancellor (1334-35), and then Ijecame one of the King's ambassadors in foreign countries. He was noted for his beneficence, and founded a large library in connection with Durham College, Oxford (after- wards suppressed). His chief work, Philohiblon (English version, London, 1834), describes his manner of collecting books, and gives an account of the state of learning in England and France. He was a friend of Petrarch at Avignon. BURY (ber'i) FAIR. The title of a play following the lines of Moli&re's I'rccieuses ridi- cules, by Thomas Shadwell (1090). BURYING BEETLE. Tlic largest of the carrion-liectlcs, Silpliiibc, belonging to the genus Xecrophorus ((ik. «*.p6s, dead 4- ^pu, carry). The name burying or sexton liecUcs lias been given them on account of their habit of l)urying the dead bodies of small vertebrates as a nidus for their eggs and food for the young. This they accomplish by digging away the earth beneath the body until the latter sinks below the surface of the ground. The excavated soil is then heaped over the body, after which the female burrows down to it aiid deposits lier eggs in it, and when the larva' hatch they feed on the carcass. The largest North American species is Xccroithorus A)nericanus, IV< inches long. It is a black beetle with a red head and two red s])ots on the elytra. A smaller form is common in the eastern United States. See colored Plate of Bkiviles. BURY SAINT EDMUNDS, or SAINT ED'- MUNDSBURY (burough in iiiciiicuy (if Saint Edmund, the martyr). A market town and an- cient borough in Suffolkshire, lOngland, on the Lark. 2fl miles northwest of li>swich (Jlap: England. CJ 4). It is well built and delightfully situated. The chief commercial interest of the town is in the corn and cattle markets held there. The town abounds in historical remains, the more important of which are: the ruins of the famous Benedictine abbey, consisting of a western gate, a handsome specimen of decorated Gothic, and the tower or church-gate, a fine example of massive Xornian ; and the Gothic churches of Saint James and Saint Mary, the latter containing the tomb of Mary Tudor, daughter of Henrj' VII. of Eng- land and wife of Louis XII. of Fr.iuce. The town sends one memlicr to Parliament. It owns its water-works, and maintains public baths, mar- kets, a hospital, and a school of art. Population, in 1891, 16,030; in 1901, 10,255. Bury Saint Edmunds, originally Beodrics- weorthe. received its name from Edmund, the Sa.xon King and martyr, who was killed here in 870 by the Danes, and whose tomb became a noted shrine of pilgrimage. Here Canute raised a Benedictine abbey, which after Glastonbury be- came the richest and most important in Enghind. Between the abbots and the townspeople frequent battles occurred. From 1020 to its dissolution by Ileni'j- VI 11., it was ruled over by a line of 33 abbots. Consult Hill, "Antiquities of Bury Saint Edmund," in Archceoloyical Journal, Vol. XXI. (London, 1865). BUSACO, boo-sii'kA. A ridge on the north side of the River llondego, in the Province of Beira, Portugal, about 20 miles north-northeast of Coimbra. Here Wellington, with about 40.000 British and Portuguese troops, repulsed the at- tack of JIassena with 05.000 French, Sejitember 27, 1810. Unable to force the ])osition, ilasseiia turned it by passing over an adjoining ridge, and Wellington retired behind the lines of Torres Vcdras. BUSBECQ, bys'bek', BUSBEC, or BUSBEK, Al'oiiiR GuisLAIN DE (Latinized Busbcquius) (1522-92). A Flemish diplomat and scholar, born at Comines. He received the best university training of his day at Louvain, Paris, and various Italian universities, and entered the service of Ferdinand, King of the Romans, whose ambassa- dor he accompanied to England in 1554. From London he was sent to the Turkish Court, where for eight years he rendered imjiortant dijilomalie services. In 15(i2. however, he was recalled to become tutor and guardian to the sons of Maxi- milian I-L, and from 1570 he held the post of master of ceremonies to the Archduchess Eliza- beth, widow of Charles IX. of France. He was also emplojed by the Emperor Rudolph II. as ambassador at Paris. On quitting this post in 1592, Busbecq .set out for Flanders, but jicd on the way at the castle of Maillot, near Rouen, October 28, 1592. Busbecq's most im])ortant work is his volume of letters from I'lirkcy — Lraa- tionis Turciccp Kpistolw Quatuor (Paris. 1589) — a scholarly study of the Ottoman power. His Epistola' ad h'odoliihum II. lynperatorcm, e (lal- lia t'Icriptw ( Brussels. 1031) contains much inter- esting information on contemi)orary French his- tory. His other works have been lost. A col- lected edition of his extant works appeared at I-eyden (1033), and another at Basel (1740). He has been frequently translated into French, (ierman, and English. His Latin style is pure, elegant, and simple. Busbecq was a great col- lector of manuscripts, and gave over one hundred to the library at N'ienna. He was also a bot;xnist and introduced the horse-chestnut tree into I