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* BUBNETT. 704 BTJBNOOSE. 1779-99), written respectively to show the su- periority of the ancients in literature and in philosophy. BURNETT, Peteb Habdeman (1807-95). The lirst Civil Governor of Califoniia. lie was born in Tennessee, but early removed to Jlis- souri, and afterwards emigrated to Oregon, where he took a prominent part in the organization of its Territorial Government and served two terms in the Legislature. In 1848 he accompanied one of the lirst companies of gold-seekers to Cali- fornia. Here he soon attracted attention by urging the organization of a civil government for the State without awaiting Congressional au- thority. Immediately after the adoption of the new Constitution he was elected Governor, but resigned in 1851, and was afterwards judge of the Supreme Court (1857-58) and president of the Pacific Bank of San Francisco (1863-80). He published The Path Which Led a Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church (1860); The American Theory of Government Considered unth Iteference to the Present Crisis (1861) ; RecoUec- iions of an Old Pioneer (1878); and Reasons Why Me tihoidd Bclicie in Vod, Love God, and Obey God (1884). BURNETT PRIZES, The. Two prizes in theology founded by John Burnett of Dens, Aber- deenshire. This gentleman, who was born in Aberdeen in 1720. and died there in 1784, was a general merchant in Aberdeen, and for many years during his lifetime spent £300 annually on the poor. On his death, he bequeathed the for- tune he had made to found the above prizes, as well as for the establishment of funds to relieve poor persons and pauper lunatics, forinocuhition, and to support a jail chaplain, in Aberdeen. He directed the prize fund to be accunuilated for 40 years at a time, and the prizes (not less than £1200 and £400) to be awarded to the authors of the two best treatises on "The evidence that there is a Being all-powerful, wise, and good, by whom everything exists; and particularly to obviate difficulties regarding the wisdom and goodness of the Deity; and this independent of written revelation, and of the revelation of the Lord Jesus; and from the whole to point out the in- ferences most necessary and useful to mankind." The first prize was awarded in 1815 to Villi.am Laurence Brown, and the second to John Bird Sumner, in 1848 Arclddshop of Canterbury; in 1855 the first to Robert A. Thomson, and the second to John Tulloch, in 1860 princi))al of Saint Andrews, and the essays were publislied. The fund was in 1883 applied to the foundaticni of a lecturesliip on natural theology in the Uni- versity of Aberdeen. BURNETT SALMON. A local name in Queensland for the -Australian lungfish (Cerato- dus Fosteri). See Barramuxua. BUR'NEY, Ciiarle.s (1726-1814). An Eng- lish composer, well known as the author of a General History of Music. Ho was born in ' Shrewsbury. Having studied nuisic in his native city, in Chester, and under Dr. .Arne in London, he began to give lessons in music. After com- posing three pieces — Robin Hood, Alfred, and Queen Mab — for Drury Lane, Burney left Linichm and settled as organist at Lynn, in Norfolk, where he planned his work on the History of Music. In 1770-72, he traveled in France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany, collecting mate- rials for his projected work, and published an essay on the Present State of Music in France and Italy, etc. (1772); The Present Utate of Music in Germany, the Netherlands and United Provinces, etc. (1773). This was followed by his General History of Music from the Larliest Ages to the Present Period (4 vols., 1770-89). It has retained a good deal of its value, especially in the early parts of the work treating of the music of the ancients. Besides some minor works, Burney wrote a memoir of Handel and nearly all the musical articles in Rees's Cyclo- ya'dia. He was appointed organist at the hos- pital in Chelsea in 1789. He died in Chelsea. He was intimately acquainted with many of the most eminent men of his time, including Edmund Burke and Dr. Johnson. His second daughter was the famous writer Frances Burney (after- wards Madame D'Arblay). BURNEY, Frances. See D'Abblay, Frances. BURNHAM BEECHES. The remains of an ancient forest in Buckinghamshire, England, twenty-five miles northeast of London, noted for its immense beech-trees. The poet Gray, early in the Eighteenth Century, aroused interest in this wild and picturesque tract. In 1879 the London corporation purchased the surrounding 374 acres, and in 1883 set them apart for public use. Consult Heath, Burnham Beeches (Lon- don, 1880). BURN'HAM, Sherburxe Wesley (1838—). An .American astronomer, born at Thetford. Vt., !ind educated at the academy there. Although a stenographer by profession, he became interested in astronomy and particularly in double stars, a field in which he soon had made many im- portant discoveries. In 1870 he became asso- ciated with the Chicago Observatory, then with the Lick, and finally accepted the chair of prac- tical astronomy at the University of Chicago. In 1894 he was made a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and was awarded a gold medal in recognition of his achievement of hav- ing recorded 1274 new double stars. His general catalogue of stars which he discovered was issued in 1900 as Vol. I. of the Publica- tions of the Yerkes Observatory. BURNING BUSH. See Spindle-Tbee. BURN'LEY (the Hrun or Burn river + ley, lea, AS. Icah, meadow, field). . thriving town and Parliamentary and county borough in Lanca- shire, England, on the Brun. and on the I^eeds and Liverpool Canal. 24 miles north of Man- chester (Jlap: England, D 3). The town was incorporated in 1861 and made a county borough in 1889. It owes its prosperity and rapid growth to the development of the textile industry. It has factories for the weaving, spinning, and printing of cotton, and for the manufacture of weaving machinery. There are slate-quarries and collieries in the vicinity. The town owns its water-works, gas-works, and electriclighting plant, public markets, and slaughter-houses, all of which yield a substantial income. In 1887 it bought out the sewage works and added a profitable sewage plant in 1889. The city pio- vides public baths, a nuinicipal technical school, a sanatorium, and the Victoria Hospital. The population has risen from 29.000 in 1861, to 87.000 in 1801, and 97,000 in 1001. BURNOOSE, hnr-noos', or BURNOUS (Ar. humus, humus, a hooded cloak, whence Fr.