Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/77

* BIELO-OZEBO. 61 BIENTEVEO. canals with Lake Onega and the Dvina. and forms a part of the extensive canal system which connects the Baltic with the Caspian Sea through the Volga. BIELOPOL, byelo'pol (Russ. byeli/. white + Gk. iriXis, polis. city). A town of Russia, in the Government of Kliarkov, lOG miles from the city of that name (ilap; Russia, D 4). It has a considerable trade in grain and cattle. Popula- tion, in ISnr. 15.200. BIELOSTOK. See Bi.ltstok. BIELOWSKI, byelov'ske, Augustus (1806- 76). A Polish poet and historian. He was bom in Galicia. and in 1SG9 became director of the Ossolinski Institute at Lemberg. His chief work was the publication of the llonumenta PolonicE Vetustissitiia (1864-72), containing all the chronicles relating to Poland up to the time of Duigosz. This work was continued after his death by the Academy of Sciences at Cracow. Of his other works, mention should be made of his poem, "Lied von Heinridi dem Frommen," and translations from Schiller; his Kritische Ehileitung ;:ur Geschichte Polens (1850), con- taining many hypotheses, which were afterwards proved untenable by Lelewel and Szajnocha ; and his Pompeii Trogi Fraymentu (1853), frag- ments of Pompeius. found at the Ossolinski Li- brary, and not previously edited. BIELSKI, byel'ske, Maecin (c.1405-1575). A Polish historian. He was born at Biala, near Sieradz, Poland. His chief works were his KroniUa suiata (1550 and 1561), a universal history from the earliest period do«Ti to his own time: and his Kioiiila polskn, a history of Po- land, afterwards brought downi by Bielski's son, Joachim, to the year 1597 (185G). They were the first important historical works published in the Polish language, but on account of alleged heterodox statements, were interdicted by the Bishop of Cracow in 1617. BIENAIME, byn'nAma', Luigi (I795-I878). An Italian sculptor. He was born in Carrara and after studying under Thorwaldsen in Rome, spent nmch of his time in Florence. His most impor- tant works, which were distinguished by their grace and technical skill, are "Diana at the Bath." "Venus at the Bath." and "Innocence." In 1844 he was made a member of the Academy of San Luca. BIENER, be'ner, Christi.x Gottlob (1748- 1828). A German jurist. He Mas born at Ziir- big. and became professor of law in Leipzig in 1790. His Commentarii de Origine et Proyressu Legum ■)urium<jue flermaniw (1787-95) is one of the first notable works on jurisprudence published in German}'. Important, also, arc the works entitled respectively, Sgntema Processus Judici- arii et Communis et f<axonici, 4th edition, by Siebdrat and Krug (1834.35): Questiones; and Interprelritioiies et Kesponsa (1830). BIENEWITZ, be'nc-vits, Peter. See Api- Axrs. I'etrus. BIEN-HOA, beVn-ho'a. A town of lower Cochin China. French Indo-China. on the Donnia River, 20 miles northeast of Saigon, with which it is connected by canal and telegraph. It is the eapital of an arrondissement and is fortified. Population, 20,000. BIENNE, byfn (Ger. name, Biel) . A town of Switzerland, in the Canton of Bern, 17 miles northwest of the city of Bern, beautifully situ- ated at the foot of the vine-clad .Jura and 1400 feet above sea-level, at the mouth of the valley of the Suze, and at the northern extremity of the lake of Bienne (llap: Switzerland, B 1)". It is surrounded by old walls, and approached by shady avenues. Bienne has several interesting buildings, notably the city church and the new Catholic church, the former castle, now the town hall, and the Schwab Museum, which contains an interesting collection of Roman and Celtic weapons, and remains of the ancient lake- dwellers. Chief among the educational institu- tions are the West Swiss Technical Institute, which includes a school for railroad employes and a watchmakers' school, ilanufactures are in a nourishing condition, consisting mainly of watchmaking, cotton-spinning, tanning, dyeing, bookbinding, machine-building, and the manu- facture of jewelry, cigars, and paper. There is a street railroad to Xidau and to Boujean to the north, while cable roads ascend the surrounding mountains. Bienne is on the line of railroads running to Basel and Bern. Bienne is a place of great antiquity. It belonged to the Bishop of Basel; but as early as 1352, it entered into an alliance with Bern for the protection of its liberties. The Reformation so weakened the power of the clerical governors of Bienne that in the beginning of the Seventeenth Century it had become merely nominal; and Bienne was essen- tially a free city until 1797, when it was annexed to France. In 1815 it was united to Bern. Population, 1900, 22,100. BIENNE, Lake of. Extends from the town of Bienne along the foot of the .Jura Moun- tains in a southwest direction, until within 3 miles of Lake Xeuch.^tel, its length being about 10 miles, and its greatest breadth 3 miles. It is situated at an elevation of 1419 feet above the level of the sea, eight feet lower than Lake Xeu- ehatel, whose surplus waters it receives at its southern extremity by the Thiele. by which river it again discharges its own. Its greatest depth is 280 feet. Toward its southern extremity is situated the island of .Saint Pierre, crowned with a grove of fine old oaks, to which Rousseau retired for two months after his proscription at Paris in 1765. BIEN'NIALS (Lat. his, twice + annus, year), or Dicyci.tc Plants. Plants whose life cycle is completed within two vegetation periods, separated by a jieriod of rest, ilany biennials are rosette plants during the first season, and have erect leafy stems the second season. See Dlr.tiox; also Stems. BIENTEVEO, byan'tu-vaV. (for derivation sec below). A tyrant flycatcher of southern South America, familiar atxnit the houses and gardens of Buenos Ayres and neigliboring vil- lages. It is noted for its loud, cheerful cry. 'in which," says V. II. Hudson, "people famy there is a resemblance to the Spanish words hlrn-te- veo, 'I see you well,' while its big head and beak and strongly contrasted colors, especially the black and white head-stripes, seem to give it a wonderfullj- knowing look." In exception to the cu.stom of its family, it erects a very elab- orate domed nest which it sometimes takes weeks to construct. It feeds upon insects, and also fishes in pools for small fry and tadpoles, and haunts places where raw meat is obtainable.