Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/761

* BUOY. 67T BURBRIDGE. have replaced gas buoys in certain localities, particularly when there is much Uoating ice, for the electric lights may be placed on the ends of spars designed specially for winter ser- vice. The cables require [irotection or armor- ing, but if properly equipped electric buoys give good rcsulls. BUOYANCY (for derivation, see Bcoy). The quality which causes a body to float or tend to float in a liquid, and depends upon the rela- tive densities of the liquid and body. The centre of buoyancy is the point at which all forces which produce the buoyant effort (i.e. those which resist the tendency of an object to sink) may be considered to act. When the floating object is at rest in stable equilibrium, the centre of buoyancy is in the same vertical line as the centre of gravity and at a distance above it. f^ce St.vbility: Hydrostatics. BUTALUS (Gk. Boi-rraPof, Boiipalos) and ATHE'NIS CAffirvic). Sons of Archennus of (_liio.s. famous sculptors of the time of Hipponax (n.c. 540). They are said to have made a carica- lure of the poet, who retorted with verses of bit- ter satire. BUPHCNIA (Gk. -a ^ov<f.6via, ta bouphonia, from ^if, bows, os + :fi6vog, phonos, slaughter). .■ ancient Greek sacrificial ceremony, consist- ing of the slaying of an ox, performed at the Zeus festival Dipolia, on the fourteenth day of the month Seirophorion, which corresponded to the last part of Juno and the first part of .July. BUQUITNON, boo-ket'non. A name of the wild 'isaya people on Negros Island. See Philippines. BUB. The slight ridge of metal raised on the edges of a line engraved either by the burin or by the dry point. Tliis is removed usually by a scraper, as it retains too much ink in print- ing the plate and produces the effect of a blur or a smear. Seymour Haden and other etchers often retain it for enriching their shadows. Plates by Rembrandt show that he also made use of it for this purpose. See Etching. BURANO, boo-ra'nf). A city in Xorth Italy, !> miles northeast of Venice, on an island of the same name in the Lagoons (Map: Italy, G 2). The chief industries are market -gardening, boat- building, and fishing; the women are employed in lace-making. To Burano belongs Torcello, on an adjacent islet, with two museums of antiquities, and a cathedral built in the Seventh Century, rebuilt in 8C4, and partially rebuilt in lOOS. and containing valuable mosaics. Popula- tion, in issl (commune), 081)11: in l!)01, 81G9. BURBAGE, bfir'bjj, or BURBADGE, Rich- ard (c. 1.507-1619). .Vn English actor. He was the son of James Burbage, an actor and the build- er of the first theatre in London, and before 1.590, he had acquired reputation as a tragedian, though little absolutely authentic information concern- ing him exists before lt!0.3, in which years his name appears as one of the leading members of the Lord Chamberlain's company together with that of Shakespeare. Some years before this (1.599) Burbage had erected the Globe Theatre, associating with himself Shakespeare and others. At the Globe Theatre and at the Blackfriars. which he also owned, he continued to act till his death, achieving an unchallenged reputation as the foremost of English players. His chief aptitude was for tragic riJles, and there is little doubt that he was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, of Hamlets, Lears, and Othellos. His most successful impersonation seems to have been that of Richard IIL He also appeared in the most important plays of Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Webster. Trustworthy evi- dence ascribes to him unmatched power of vocal and facial expression and a capacity for thor- oughly sinking his personality into his rdle. He was also an excellent painter in oils. BUR'BANK, Alfred Post (184fi-94). . American elocutionist. He was born in Chicago, and received his education at the university in that city. At the age of 17 he enlisted in the army, and served in Tennessee. He afterwards devoted himself to teaching, and was long asso- ciated as principal with the Dearborn and Douglas public schools of Chicago. Afterwards !ic nuide frequent tours as a professional reader through every portion of the United States, and al.-'o visited London. BURBANK, Luther (1849—). An Ameri- • an horticulturist, the originator of new varie- ties of fruits, flowers, and vegetables. He was born on a farm at Lancaster, Mass., and was educated in the academy of that town. In 1875 he moved to Santa Rosa, Cal., where he estab- lished an experimental farm. He has originated the Burbank potato ; Gold, Erickson, Apple, October Purple, Chalco, America, and Climax plums; Giant, Splendor, and Sugar prunes; Peachblow, Burbank, and Santa Rosa roses; and the Giant and Fragrance callas. BUR'BON. A character in Spenser's Faerie Oiiernc. a noble knight who is beset by a throng of common folk, but who makes his escape and rescues his mistress. In the allegory he stands for Henry W. of France, who escaped, together with his bride, from the massacre that took place during his nuptial festivities, August 24, 1572, in Paris. BURBOT (corruption of Fr. harhole. from Lat. baria, beard, referring to its barbels). The only fresh-water fish (Lota lota) belong- ing to the GadidiB, a family including the cod, haddock, pollock, etc. It occurs in certain riv- ers of England, Northern Europe, and in Asia. It never enters salt waters. It may grow to a weight of 12 pounds, but in English waters it is usually about one-fifth as great. The burbot, like the ling (q.v.), has an elongated form; the head is rather broad, and the tapering pos- terior of the body compressed. It is covered with very small, imbedded scales. The mouth is large, and the chin has a well-developed bar- bel. The first of the two dorsal fins is short, the second very long, and the anal fin is also very long. The caudal fin is rounded. The American burbot {Lota maculosa), which oc- curs in the lakes and sluggish streams of the northern and ea.stern portions of America, is probably identical with the European burbot. BUIfBRIDGE, Stepifen Gano (1831-941. An -American soldier. He was born in Scott County. Ky., and was bred to the law, but engaged in mercantile business and farming. When the Civil War began he entered the Union service, and was distinguished for bravery in many en- gagements. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers at Shiloh, and earned the brevet