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BIEDERMANN. he published Goethe und Leipzig (1865) ; Goethe- Foiscliungen (1S79, 1880, 1899); and Gocihes Gcspriiche ( 18S9-97 ).

BIEFVE, byef, Enor Ann de ( 1 809-82 ). A Bel- gian painttr, the pupil of I'aelinck in Brussels, and of the sculptor David d'Angers in Paris. He excelled in portraits and historical com- positions. His most famous work is the '"Com- promise of the Brussels Nobles of Februarj' 10, 150," produced by order of the Government and now in the Brussels Museum, which was greatly praised at the Paris Exhibition of 1855. It was also exhibited throughout Europe, and made, especially in Germany, a deeji im])rej^sion in mod- ern painting as regards coloristic treatment. Some of his other works are "The Last iloments of Anne Boleyn," "The Introduction of Rubens to Charles I. of England," "JIasaniello," "Ugolino," 'Raphael and La Fornarina," and "The Knights of the Teutonic Order Recognizing the Elector of Brandenburg as their Grand Commander," paint- ed for the King of Prussia.

BIEL, bel. See Bienne.

BIEL, Gabriel (? -1495). A German scho- lastic pliilo.sopher. He was born at Speyer. stud- ied at the universities of Heidelberg and Erfurt, became preacher of the Cathedral of Saint Mar- tin, Mainz, and subsequently provost of Urach, Wiirttemlierg. In 1484 he was appointed pro- fessor of theology' and philosophy in the newly founded University of Tiibingen. He %as among the last representatives of the Nominalism (q.v.) of Occam (q.v.). His works include Epitome ct Colleciorium ex Occamo super IV. Libros Senten- iiarum (1495): Ea^positio Caiioiiis Missw (1510) ; and l^ermoncs Dominicales de Tempore et i<itnctix per Totum Annum (1519). BIELA, be'la, WiLHELM VON- (1782-1856). An Austrian astronomer. He was born at Rossla, Prussia, became a captain in the Austrian Army, and died in Venice. He is celebrated as the dis- •overer of a comet named after him. See Biela's Comet. BIELA'S COIWET. One of the comets of short period, named from its discoverer, Wilhelm von Bicla (q.v.). Its periodic time is 0092 years. Observations are on recmd for the ap- pearances that took place in 1772. 1805, 1820, 1832, 1840, and 1852. On its return in 1840 it w-as in two parts, separated by about 100,000 miles, unequal in size, each having a distinct nucleus and tail. -At the return in 1852 the parts were 1,500.000 miles asunder. Since then it has not been seen. It has been suggested with nmch probability that it has been broken up and dispersed, forming material for shooting stars.

BIELATT, be'lou. See Lakgenbielau.

BIELAYA, byel'a-yi (Russ. hi/elaya, white, i.e. riifkii. river). A river in the government.s of I'fa and Orenburg, Russia, emptying into the Kama after a course of about 501) miles (Map: Russia, .14). From its source among the marshes on the Ural ridge in latitude 53° N., it flows northwesterly through a moiuitainous mining region until it reaches the city of Ufa, where it is spanned by a railway bridge. The Bielaya is navigable from this city to its junc- tion with the Kama, 200 miles below. Regular passenger and freiglit lrans])orlation of timber, mineral jiroducts, and salt is carried on during the navigable season, April to November. Nine other Russian rivers bear the name, the most important of which are the river in the (Govern- ment of Ekaterinoslav, 150 miles long, with coal deposits on its banks, and the affluent of the Angara in the Government of Irkutsk. Siberia. BIELAYA TSERKOV, byel'a-ya tsyer'k6f (Russ., white church). A town in the Govern- ment of Kiev, Russia, the property of the Counts Branitsky (ilap: Russia. D 5). It carries ott an important trade in grain and cattle, and haa machine-works. Population, 20,700.

BIELEFELD, be'le-felt (JllKi. hil, simple, plain, level + Ger. feld, field: cf. Engl. Plain- field). A busy town of Westphalia, in Prussia, picturesquely situated on the Lutter near the Teutoburg forest, Brunswick-Hamm. 385 feet above the sea (Map: Prussia. C 3). The castle of Sparenburg, erected in 1177 on the site of an old Guelphic fortress for some time employed as a prison, and recently restored by the town and fitted up as a museum, is in the immediate neigh- borhood. The city aft'airs are administered by a municipal council of thirty-six members who elect a burgomaster and an executive board of eight. The town has a gv'mnasiuni, two hospitals, and clinics. It is one of the principal industrial towns of the province, and is the centre of the linen trade. The productions of the Ravcnsberg factory and the Vorwiirts together amount yearly to about 9,000,000 marks. In addition to the linen trade there are manufactures of silk and plush materials, sewing machines, and bicycles. The population, in 1900. was 03,044.

BIELGOROD, byel'go-rot. See Belgokod.

BIELINSKY, bye-len'ske, VissARiox. See BvELlNtSKI.

BIELITZ, be'lits (Polish Bielsko, from the river Hinhi, white). A town of the Austrian Crownland of Silesia, on the left bank of the river Biala, about 40 miles west-southwest of Cracow (Map: .ustria, F 2). A bridge over the river connects it with the town of Biala, in Galicia. It is one of the chief seats of the Aus- trian woolen industry, and exports large quanti- ties of cloth, jiartii-ularly to the Orient. There are also manufactures of machinery, tacks, and paper. Population, in 1890. 15.000, mostly Ger- mans: in 1900, 10,900. Bielitz was founded in the Thirteenth Century, and was made a princi- pality in 1752.

BIELLA, byel'la. A city of northern Italy, on the Cervo and the Aurena, 55 miles northeast of Turin (Map: Italy, C 2). It has a cathedral with paintings by Wronese, a gymnasium, a seminary, and technical schools. The manu- factures are cloth and linen, and the ))rincipal trade is in silk, chestnuts, and wine. Popula- tion (commune), in 1881, 15,000; in 1901, 19,514.

BIELO-OZERO, byel'6 A'zft-ro (Slav., Russ. hi/clji, white; ozero, lake. Once called Ves). A lake in the northeastern part of the Uussian Government of Novgorod (Map: Russia, E 2). It is elliptical in shape, 27 miles long, 20 miles wide, and occupies an area of over 430 square miles. Its bottom is composed of white clay, which, during stormy weather, gives to the water a milky apjiearance. Bielo-Ozero is deep and fish exist in abundance. It receives the Kovsha and Kelma, and is drained by the Sheksna, a tributary of the Volga. It is connected by