Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/759

* BXJNYAN. 675 BUOY. later he removed to Bedford. There the wife to whom he owed so much died. In 1657 he was formally reeognized as a preacher. "All the mid- land counties," says Fronde, "heard of his fame, and demanded to hear him." After the Restora- tion it was made illejral to conduct divine ser- vice except in accordance with the forms of the Established Church. Bunyan, who persisted in his irrejiular preaching, was confined in Bedford (.'ovinty jail for twelve years (l(>00-72), though during a part of this time he was allowed a large ilegree of freedom. Here he supported liis family — he had married again — by making tagged laces. His library consisted of the Bible and Fox's Marti/rs. He was again imprisoned for sis months in 1675, when he probably finished Pil- i/iim's Pronress. After his enlargement his fame as a preacher increased more and more till his death, which took place in London, August 31, 1GS8. Though Bunyan is best known by Pil- grim's Progress (1st part 167S, 2d part 1684), lie wrote much else. The Life and Death of Mr. Had man, which shows the rapid descent of a man from sin to sin. and Grace Abounding, a narrative of Bunyan's own spiritual life, are masterpieces in realistic literature, and The Holy ^S'ar is a beautiful allegory. Among his sermons should not be forgotten "The Heavenly Footman." Editions of Pilgrim's Progress are numerous. A fac-simile reprint of the original edition was published (London. 1885). Consult: Brown, -John Bunyan, His Life, Times, and Works (London. '8881; Fronde, John Bunyan ( Xew York. 1888) : Venables. Life of John Bunyan {Oxford, ISSS) : and Macaulay's famous essay. BUNZrAXr, boonts'lou (from Slav. Boleslas, so named after its founder). A town of Prus- sia, in the Province of Silesia, situated on the Bober, about 60 miles west-northwest of Breslau (Map: Prussia. F ;j I . An obelisk to the Rus- sian General KutusofT, who died here in 1813, adorns the market-place. Its manufactures in- clude tiles, pottery, glass, and linen. There are also stone-cutting establishments, iron-foundries, and saw-mills. It is the birthplace of the poet Mar'.in Opitz. Population, in 1890, 12,921 : in 1900, 14.600. BtrOL-SCHAUENSTEIN, liTTo'OI shou'en- stin. Karl Febdina>-d, Count (1797-1865). An Austrian statesman. After filling subordinate diplomatic posts, lie became Ambassador at Karlsruhe in 1828: Stuttgart in 1838; and Turin in 1844. Leaving Turin on the outbreak of the war in 1848, he went as Ambassador to Saint Petersburg. In 1851 he represented Austria in London. On Schwarzenberg's death, Buol-Schau- enstein was recalled to Vienna, and became For- eign Minister. In can-ying out the wavering pol- icy of Austria in relation to the Eastern question, he succeeded only in materially reducing that country's influence in European affairs, and showed himself a weak disciple of ilettemich and Schwarzenberg. (Sec Crimean War. I After defending in diplomatic notes and circulars the position which Austria had taken with refer- ence to Sardinia Buol-Schauenstein suddenly, on the actual commencement of the Italian cam- paign of 1859, resigned his place, which was filled by Count Eeehberg. He died October 28, 13ii.">. BTJONAROTTI, bwo'na-r*t't<^, Fmppo (1761- 1837). An Italian revolutionist, born in Pisa. He was a devoted follower of Rousseau. In 1787 he founded a journal antagonistic to the Govern- ment of Tuscany, and was banished. He then withdrew to Corsica, where he established the paper entitled L'Ami dc la Liberie Italienne. Ho brought about the anne.ation of the island of San Pietro to the Republic of France, and be- came a French citizen, and subsequently the founder and president of the Pantheon Society, which aimed at a restoration of the Constitu- tion of 1793. Upon the dissolution of this so- ciety by the Director^' he became implicated in the conspiracy of Babeiif, and was sentenced to deportation, but afterwards was pardoned. He died in coni])arative obscurity. BUONARROTI, bwoniir-ro't^, JiIichelan- GELO. See MlCIIEL.i.N't^ELO. BUONCOMPAGNI, bwon'kom-pa'nye, Bax- D.SSARE, Prince (1821-94). An Italian scholar. He was born in Rome, and was a descendant of the Princes of Piombino, who count among their members several cardinals and Pope Gregory XIII. In 1847 he became a member of the Pon- tifical Academy de' Xuovi Lincei, of which he was afterwards appointed secretary and libra- rian. He published the following important works: Delia vita e delle operc dl Guidone Bo- natti, astrologo ed astronomo del secolo decimo- terzo ( 1851 ) ; Delia vita e delle opere di Leonardo Pisano (1852): Intorno all' opera d'Albiruni siill-Indin (1869). BUONTIGLIO, bwfin-fe'lyo, Benedetto. See BOXFIULIO. BUONONCINI, bwo'non-che'nd, Giovanni B.^ttist.. See Boxoxcixi. BUONTALENTI, bwon'ta-len'te, Bernardo, called Berxardo Dei.i.a Girandole (1536-1608). An Italian painter and architect. He was born in Florence and studied with Bronzino, Vasari, Salviati, and ilichelangelo. Although extremely versatile, he acquired fame chiefly through his splendid architectural works in the form of villas, artificial fountains, palaces, bridges, and fortifications. Among these may be mentioned the facade of Santa Trinitil in Florence, the Palazzo Reale in Siena, and the palace of the Grand Duke in Pisa. He was one of the fore- most exponents of the baroque style of Italy, and several of the most celebrated buildings of Flor- ence and Pisa were designed or completed by him. BUOY, bnn'i, or BOY, boi (OF. boye. fetter, chain, Lat. boia, leather collar, Gk. /SoEof, boeios, of ox-hide, from ^ovc, hous, ox: alluding to its being fastened by a chain). A floating body intended as a mark for the limits of a chan- nel, the position of a shoal, rock, wreck, or the like. It is made either of wood or metal. Buoys are moored by chains to heavy anchors or weights. It is the custom in northern latitudes, where more or less ice is expected in the winter sea- son, to replace the hollow metal buoys by wood- en spar buoys until the ice has disappeared, as there is less danger of the spar being swept away or damaged. Buoys are of dilTcrent kinds and shapes, according to the purposes they are intended to serve — as can buoys, made of sheet iron, in the form of a cylinder, with a hemi- spherical l)ase: spar buoys, made of a wooden spar or log which is anchored at one end; nun buoys, which are conical above water: bill buoys, surmounted by a bell which is rung by