Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/734

* BTJITENZOEG. 652 BULACAN. BtriTENZOKG, boi'Un-zorK (Dutch buiten, without + ~orii, tier. Sorge, Kngl. sorroic ; equivalent of the French sans-souci). A town of Java in the Presidency of Batavia, about 40 miles south of the capital (Jlap: Australasia, C 3). It is a place of exceptional natural lieauty, and its elevated location (about 750 feet) makes it one of the healthiest settlements in .Java. It is the real seat of the (!overnor-(4eneral, whose maj;- nificent jialace is situated amid the botanical eardens, which are considered the finest examples of the horticultural art. It is also the most fashionable summer resort of the island and is connected by rail with Batavia. BXTJALANCE, buo'Hi-liin'tha (probably the ancient Vogia). A city of Andalusia, Spain, about 20 miles east of Cordova (Jlap: Spain, C 4). It is surrounded by a moat and a wall flanked with old towers, and contains an old Moorish castle (935) and a college. The city has maiuifactures of leather, W(M)lens, glass, and pottery, and exports of agricultural produce. An important cattle fair is held here. Population, in IfiOO, 11,245. Various remains found in the vicinity bear witness to the antiquity of the city, but its identity as an ancient town is in doubt. Bujalance attained to prosperity under the Moors, and in 1227 was conquered by Ferdi- nand III. BUKA, boo'ka. Tire northwesternmost of the Solomon Islands, separated by Bougainville Strait from Bougainville Island. Mangrove swamps line the coast. The interior is moun- tainous and densely populated. BTTKHAREST. See Bucharest. BTJKHARI, bi.i-Kii're, or BOKHARI, b6- Kii're, Am: Abd.li,.vu Muhammad ib. Ismail al (810-870). An Arabic scholar, the great imam in the science of the hndith, or traditions. He W'as born at Bokhara (whence his name), and he early devoted himself to the study of Mohamme- dan traditions. At the age of 17 he made the pilgrimage to Mecca and to Medina, and he subsequently visited nearly every part of the Mohammedan world, associating with the most distingtiished representatives of the harlith, and collecting in Khorasan, in the cities of Irak, in the lledjaz, in Syria, and in Egypt a great number of traditions, 7275 of which he arranged and classified in his celebrated work, Al-jami al- Sahih (The Authentic Collection), regarded by iMohammedans as the most sacred book after the Koran. It is said that flO.OOO persons had learned the Sahih from Bukhari. He died in prison at Bagdad. There is an edition of Buk- hari's work pulilished in three volumes by Krehl (Leyden, 18t;7(lS). BTJKIDNONE, boo'ked-nr/na, or Buquidxoxe. A wild Malay people in Jlisfimis Province, Min- danao. See Philippines. BUKIL, bnn-kel', or BuQuiL. See Manguian. BUK'KUM WOOD. See Safan Wood. BTIK'K'CrB. . fortified island of the Indus, in Sindh. British India, in latitude 27° 39' N. and longitude (18° 5(j' E. It is 400 yards from Eori, on the left bank, and 100 from Sukkur, on the right. Bukkur is no longer of any miliUiry value, commanded, as it is, on both sides, by higher grounds, but is important as the central point of the great railway cantilever bridge 1200 feet long spanning the Indus here since 1889. BTJKOWINA, boo'ko-ve'na ('the country of beech-trees,' from Slav, bukii, Ger. Iiiich> Eng. bcecli ) . A duchy of the Austro-Ilungarian mon- archy, inchuled' in Cisleithania, bounded by Galicia on the north and northwest, Hun- gary on the west, Rumania on the south, and Kimiania and Russia on the east. Its area is 4035 square miles (Map: Hungary, J 3 ) . Buko- wina belongs mainly to the region of the Car- pathian Mountains, by which it is traversed in several parallel chains. It is watered chiefly by the Pruth and the Dniester, besides a few minor streams taking their rise in the province. The climate, although somewhat raw, is generally healthful. The soil is very productive, especially along the Pruth and Sereth. About 28 per cent. of the iiroductive land is tmder.tillage, while over 43 per cent, is under forests. The ccmmon Euro- pean cereals and industrial plants are raised in abundance, and the extensive areas of pasture- land render the country well adapted for cattle- raising. The mineral production is of little im- portance, and the manufacturing industries are largely confined to brewing and distilling. The commerce is little developed, although the prov- ince is well provided with transportation facili- ties, both in the shape of roads and railways, as well as waterways. The Diet of Bukowina is composed of 31 members, of whom 10 represent the landed aristocracy, and 12 the rural com- mvmities, the remainder repi-esenting cities, chambers of commerce, etc. In the Lower House of Austria, Bukowina is represented by 11 dele- gates, including 2 elected by universal suffrage. Education is well advanced in Bukowina, which possesses, besides the university at Czcrnowitz, a number of gymnasia and other institutions for secondary education. The 379 elementary schools were attended in 1898 by about 73,000 children, or 70 per cent, of the total school population. According to the census of 1900, Bukowina had a population of 729.921, show- ing an increase of 12.9 per cent, for the dec- ade. About 70 per cent, of the people adhere to the Greek Orthodox faith, over 11 per cent, are Roman Catholics, and al)out 13 per cent. .lewish. In regard to nationality, 42 per cent, are Ruthe- niitn, over 32 per cent. Rumanian, and about 21 per cent. German. The capital is Czernowitz, with a population of 70,000. Bukowina was included in the ancient Roman Province of Dacia, and during the Middle Ages was settled by peoples of different stocks. About the beginning of the Fourteenth Century it came into the possession of Moldavia, and its principal town. Suczawa, was the seat of the Moldavian ITospodar. It was accpiired by Aus- tria in 1777, and made a crownland in 1849. Consult Kaindl. Gfxchichte der Htikowina (J vols., Czernowitz, 1895-98) ; BuUouina (Vienna, 1899). BTJLACAN, boo'Ia-kan'. A province and a town of Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands (Map: Luzon, Philippine Islands, V 7). The former covers an area of 965 square miles and has a population of about 230.000. The surface is mountainous and the soil is fertile and well cultivatccl. The province produces svigar, cacao, rice, indigo, and fruits. It contains some de- posits of iron and magnetite, and the rivers yield small quantities of gold. The principal manufactures are cotton and silk fabrics. The capital is Malolos (q.v.). The town Bulae&n