Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/73

* BICYCLE. E ball type. Suspension wheels with steel wire spokes, wooden rim?, and pneumatic tires are uniersally employed. Popular favor approves the sprocket wheel and chain driver, but a larse number of machines are built with shaft and bevel-gear driver. Consult: H. A. Oarratt. The Modern Safety Bicycle (New York, 1890), which contains a careful discussion of bicycle design and construction. See Ctclixg. BIDA, bO'da. . town of Nigeria, Africa, capi- ta! of the State of Xupe, situated a short distance north of the Niger (ilap: Africa, E 4). It is well fortified, and its population is estimated at from 50,000 to i)0,000. BIDA, brda', Aij:xaxdbe (1813-95). A French painter and liiustrator, pupil of Delacroix. In 1844-46, and repeatedly afterwards, he visited the East, and his travels there furnished him with the subjects of most of his paintings and drawings. He won several first-class medals, and in 1870 became an officer of the Legion of Honor. Among his most notewortliy works are: '"The Slave Market." "Return from Mecca." ".lews Praying at the Wall of Solomon," "The Field of Boaz at Bethlehem." "The Massacre of the Mamelukes." He is best known, however, for his illustrations for the Bible, comprising the Book of Ruth and the Four Evangelists (1870), BIDAB, be'dar. The capital of a district of the same name in the Nizam's dominion.s, India, 75 miles northwest of Hyderabad ( Map : India, C 5). It stands near the right bank of the Man- jara, a tributary of the Godavari, and occupies a tableland 2400 feet above the sea, and 100 feet above the adjacent country. Formerly a place of grandeur and importance, to which, among other buildings, the mosque and the madrissa, i.e. college, attest, it is now noted chiefly for it-s manufactures in an alloy of tin, zinc, lead, and copper, known as Bidri ware. Population, 13.000. BIDASSOA, be'das-so'a (Basque, pure river). A river which forms part of the boundary be- tween Spain and France and falls into the Bay of Biscay at Fuenterrabia. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was concluded on an island in its mouth in 1659. Bidassoa was the scene of sev- eral conflicts during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1793 the Spanish broke into France, across the Bidassoa, but were driven back with loss in 1794, and their intrenched camps taken. Augtist 1. 1813. the French under Soult were defeated at San Marcial. on the Bidassoa, by the Allies; and in October of the same year Wellington sur- prised and drove the French from their strongly fortified position on its northern s^'n. BIDTJEFOBD, A city in York County, Maine, 15 miles soutlnvcst of Portland: on the Saco River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Maine, B 9). The river furnishes ex- cellent water-power, and the city has exten- sive manufactures of cotton goods, machinery, .ooden bo.es, and lumber. It also ships a su- perior quality of granite. The city has some reputation as a summer resort. Biddeford was settled in 1630. was part of Saco until incorpo- rated as a separate town under its present name in 1718, and was chartered as a city in 1855, the charter of that date now being in force. It pro- vides for an annually elected mayor and a bi- cameral city council. The mayor appoints a few subordinate oflicers, but the heads of the several 7 BIDDLE. administrative departments are elected by the two houses of the council in joint session. Pop- ulation, in 1890, 14,443; in 1900, 16,145. Con- sult: Folsom, History of Saco and Biddeford (Saco, 1830), and Clarton, History of York County (Philadelphia, 1880). BID'DING PRAY'ER ('a prayer which bids or directs wiiat is to be prayed for'). A form of exhortation, always concluding with the Lord's prayer, enjoined by the fifty-fifth canon of the Anglican Church, in 1003, to be used before all sermons and homilies, E.xcept in cathedrals and the university churches, it is now but seldom used. The form is of extreme antiquity, and we have a similar one in the apostolic constitu- tions (q..v.), probably that used in the Church of -■>-,ntioch. It was anciently used for the com- municants or believers after the dismissal of the catecluimens, and was pronotmced by the deacon, eacn petition beginning with the words, '"I-,et us pray for ," and the people responding at the end of each with "Kyrie EleLson," or some such words. There is another very ancient example in the Ambrosian liturgy; and Saint Chrysos- tom alludes to such a form in one of his ser- mons. It must have been, and even now in its abridged shape still is, very impressive, allowing each individual to supply from his own thoughts special cases of necessity under the different beads. There is some resemblance between the bidding prayers and the Litany, and Prayer for the Church Militant, now used in the Angli- can Church. Consult Wheatley, Bidding of Prayers Before Sermon No Mark of Disaffection to the Present Government: Or an Historical Vindication of the LVth Canon [of the English Prayer Book] (London, 1718; new ed., 1845). BID'DLE, Clement (1740-1814). An Ameri- can soldier of the Revolution ; born in Philadel- phia, and known as the "Quaker Soldier.' He raised a corps for the protection of friendly Indians against the outlaws known as "Paxton Boys.' In the beginning of the Revolution he was an officer in the Qiuiker Volunteers, and was made deputj' quartermaster-general. After the battle of Trenton, he was delegated by Washing- ton to receive the swords of the Hessian officers. He was also at Princeton, Brandywine, and Ger- niantown, and rendered valuable service in the terrible winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. He left the military service in 1780, and was ap- pointed by Washington United States marshal of Pennsylvania in 1787, As quartermaster- general of the State, he accompanied, in 1794, tne expedition sent to suppress the Whisky In- surrection. BIDDLE, James (1783-1848). An American naval officer. He was born in Philadelphia, en- tered the navy in 1800, and served as midship- man in the war with Tripoli, where he was made prisoner and kept imtil the peace. He was lieu- tenant on the Ha.s/). which captured the British Frolic early in the War of 1812, and was put in command of the prize, but both vessels were cap- tured by the Poictiers and taken to Bermuda. Exdianged in 1813, he served on the Hornet, in command of which he sailed for the East Indies, captured the I'enyuin. and was wounded in action. Congress gave him a gold medal and the rank of captain. In 1817 he was sent to take possession of Oregon for the United States; in 1845 he negotiated the first treaty between the