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* BUCKLEY. 609 BUCKSTONE. editor of the State Gazette, Austin 1 1871-72). A list of scientitic papers written by him is con- tained in the Alumni Record of 'cslei/an Uni- versiti/ (1SS3). BTJCK'MAN, James (1814-84). . English geologist. He was horn in Cheltenham, studied in London, and in 1 842 was appointed curator of the Birmingham Philosopliical Institute. From 1847 to ISii.i he was professor in the Cirencester Agricultural College. He wrote on agricultural botany, archaeology, and geology, his geological papers treating cliietly of the strati- graphy and paleontology of the .Jurassic series of Somerset. Dorset, and other English districts ■with which lie was familiar. BUCKTHINSTER, Joseph Stevens (1784- 1812). An American Congregational clergyman. He graduated at Harvard in 1800, and was after- wards a teacher in Phillips Exeter Academy, where Daniel Webster was one of his pupils. In 1804 he was made pastor of Brattle Street Church, Boston: in 1808 he supervised the publication of Griesbach's Xeic Testament (in Greek), and in 1811 he was appointed first lecturer on biblical criticism at Hars-ard. He belonged to the ad- vanced literary Congregational school of his day, that, soon after his death, became Unitarian. He was a man of remarkable oratorical ability, and his sermons were finished literary produc- tions. He was a member of the famous .Anthol- ogy Club of Boston, and contributed to the Monthly Anthology. In 1839 his collected works were published in two volumes. Consult Lee, Memoirs of the Buckminsterx (Boston. 18.51). BUCKTSTELL UNIVERSITY (renamed in 1886, from The University at Lewi^burg in honor of William Bueknell, its liberal benefactor). A Baptist institution of liberal arts. It was founded in 1S4G. at Lewisburg. Pa. The endow- ment in 1901 was $425,000, and the value of the college buildings over $3.50,000. At the same time the faculty numbered 31, and the students 500, of whom one-third were in the preparatory departments. The presidents have been : Howard Malcolm, LL.D. ; Justin R. Loomis, LL.D. : David J. Hill, LL.D. ; and John Howard Harris, LL.D. (since 188!)). BUCK'NER, Simon Boliv.r (1823—). An American soldier and politician. He was born in Kentucky, graduated at West Point in 1844. and was assistant professor of geography, history, and ethics there in 1845-46. He then served in the Southern campaign under General Scott during the ile.vican War. and received the brevets of first lieutenant and captain respectively for gal- lantry at Churuhusco and ilolino del Rey. From 1848 to 18.50 he was again at West Point, as assistant instructor of infantry tactics, but re- signed from the service in 1855, after which he practiced law, first in Illinois and then in Ken- tucky, where he is said to have been a prominent member of the Knights of the Golden Circle (q.v.). In 18G0 he was made inspector-general of the State and commander of the Home Guards, and on the outbreak of the Civil War he be- came a brigadier-general in the Confederate ser- vice. He was the third officer in rank at Fort Donelson at the time of the attack of the Federal army and lleet early in 1802, and. Generals Floyd and Pillow withdrawing during the night of February 15, it devolved upon him to sur- render the fort and garrison to (ieneral Grant. (See Fort Hexuy .vxu Fort Donelsox.) In the following -Vugust he was exchanged, and subse- quently commanded a division under Bragg in Tennessee, and, as major-general, took a con- spicuous part in the battle,* of .Murfreesboio and Chickamauga. On May 20, ISCio, liaving pre- viously attained the rank of lieutenant-general, he surrendered with Gen. Kirby Smith's army at Baton Rouge, La. After the close of the war he returned to Kentuck}-, and from 1887 to 1891 was Governor of the State. In 1890 he was the candidate of the National (Sound Money) Demo- crats for 'icc-President of the L'nited States on the ticket with J. .M. Palmer (q.v.). BUCK'NILL, Sir .Iohx Ch.rles (1817-97). An English alienist, born at Market Bosworth. He received liis medical education at University College, London, and became councilor, censor, and Lumleian lecturer in the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons there. He originated, and for some time edited, the publications entitled The Brain and The Journal of Medical Science. Among his numerous works, the following are especially deserving of notice: Unsoundness of Mind in Relation to Criminal Acts (1857), a very valuable work: The Psycholoyy of Shakespeare (1859) ; The .Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare (1800); Notes on American Asylums (1876); Care of the Insane and Their Legal Control (1880). BUCK'RAM (OF. boquerant, bouqueraii, in popular etymology later referred to buck, Ger. Bock. goat). A coarse linen or cotton cloth, sized with glue. It is used as a stiffening in making clothing, and also in bookbinding. The name was originally applied to a more costly material, which was used for ecclesiastical pur- poses and for garments. BUCKSHOT WAR. See Pennsylvania. BUCKSKIN. . term applied in .raerica to deerskin or sheepskin made pliable by dressing it with oil or brains, and formerly used by the Indians and frontiersmen for clothing, but now consumed almost exclusively in the manufacture of gloves. In England, buckskin is used to de- note a strong-twilled woolen fabric for breeches. BUCKSTORT. A town in Hancock County, Elaine. IS iiiih's south of Bangor, on the Penob- scot River, and a branch of the Maine Central Railroad (Map: ilaine, F 6). It has a good harbor with water transportation throughout the year, and is engaged chiefly in shipbuilding, fish- ing, and leather-tanning. A United States sal- mon preserve is located in the adjoining town of Orland. Bucksport contains the Buck Me- morial Library, and the East Maine Conference Seminary. It was settled in 1762, and incorpo- rated in 1792. The government is administered bv town meetings, which convene annually. Pojuilatinn. in 1890, 2921; in 1900, 2339. BUCK'STONE, John Baldwin (1802-79). -An English comedian and dramatic writer, bom September 14, 1802, at Hoxton. London. Prefer- ring the excitement of the stage to the monotony of an attorney's otlice. he found an opportunity in a provincial town for the display of his theatrical abilities. .After a probatiim in the country, he appeared at the Surrey Theatre in 1823, and his success was so unequivocal that he was soon engaged by the manager of the .Adelphi Theatre, where he continued for some