Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/676

* BUCCANEER. 598 BUCEPHALUS. page 239). It was republished in a collected edition of his prose and verse, in 18.33. BUCCARI, book'kA-r^. or BAKAR. biil^ar. A free port of Croalia-Slavonia, Austria-Hun- gary, on the Gulf of Quarnerno. 5 miles east- southeast of Fiume (.Map: Austria-Hungary, D 4). It is situated on the slope of a hill crowned by a fine castle, and has a small but safe harbor. It has linen manufactures, ship- building and fishing industries, the tunny-fisheries being especially important. The grapevine is extensively cultivated in the neighborhood, and good wine is manufactured. Population, ehieliy lishermcn and sailors, in 1800, 1950. BUCCEXLATI, boo'chel-la'to, Abate Axtonio (1831-90). . Italian jurist and writer, born in Milan. He was appointed professor of law at the University of Pavia, where he lectured chietly on canonical and criminal law. He wrote some monographs on Dante, but is better known for his works on law and penology, as: Somiiti principii del diritto penale (1865) ; Pena mUitare (1871); Le st/stime cellulaire (187C1; and II nihilismo c la ragione del diritto penale (1882). BUC'CINA'TOR (Lat. hilcinator, trumpeter, from hficiiKi, trumpet). A muscle situated in the substance of the cheeks. It is so called be- cause, when the cheeks are distended with air, as in blowing, the contraction of the buccinator muscles forces it out. BUCCIN'ID.ffi (Xeo-Lat., from Lat. bucinum, a shell-fish used in dyeing purple, from huciita, trumpet). A family of gastropod mollusks, with meditmi or small-sized, heavy, ribbed, spiral shells, having a notch through which the long siphon is extended, instead of a long siphonal canal, as in the JIuricidiE and other related forms. It has many genera and species, widely distributed, and includes some of the most fa- miliar shells of the North Atlantic, as the whelks (Buccinum), conchs or winkles (Fulgur and Sycotypus), ivory-shells (Eburna), periwinkles, drills (Nassa, etc.), purple-shells (Purpura), etc., besides many stranger tropical forms. See Whki.k. BUCCLEUCH, bnk-kln'. One of the oldest and most distinguished ducal families in Scot- land. It traces its descent from Sir Richard le Scott (1249-85). The ancestor who first became historically conspicuous was Sir Wai.tek Scott of Branxliolm and Buccleuch (? 1490-1552), a brave and i)owerful border chieftain who (lour- ished in the reign of James V, i)n some incidents in his life his great namesake founded the Lay of the Last Minstrel. Buccleuch. from this early period associated with the family title, is a lonely estate in the vale of Rankleburn, Selkirkshire. Sir Walter fought bravely in the battle of Pinkie, 1547, and was slain "in an encounter with Sir Walter Kerr, of Cessford, in the streets of Edin- burgh. 1552. He was succeeded by his giandson, Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch (died 1574). a 'knight wise, true, and modest,' who wassucceeded by his only son ( 15ti5-lfill ) . who bore the same name. This Sir Walter is celebrated for his mili- tary exploits im the border, not the least daring being the rescue of one of his attendants, Kin- mont Willie, from the castle of Carlisle. For his sericc to the State, including organizing the bor- der niiirauders for service in foreign wars, he was raised to the peerage, 1000, as Lord Scott of Buccleuch, Subsequent titles borae by the fam- ily are Barons of Eskdale, Earls of Buccleuch, 1619; Earls of Dalkeith. 1042; Earls of Don- caster and Barons Tynedale, England, 1002; Lords Scott of Whitehester, 'Dukes of Buccleuch, 1063; Viscounts of Xith, Torthorwold, and Ross, Barons Douglas, Dukes of Queensberry, .Mar- que^sses of Dumfriesshire, Earls of Drundanrig and Sanquliar, 1084. The .ducal title was con- ferred on the natural son of Charles II., James Scott, Duke of ^Monmouth (q.v. ) of rebellion fame (1049-85). Previously known as Fitzroy and Crofts, he was raised to the dukedom and assumed the family name of his wife. Countess Anne, daughter and heiress of the second Earl of Buccleuch. when he married her in 1603. In 1085 the Duke was beheaded. He left four sons and two daughters, and his duchess retained her honors, titles, and estates in her own right. She afterwards uuirricd Lord Cornwallis, by whom she had a son and two daughters; she died in 1732. Jajies, her eldest surviving son, pre- deceased his mother, and his son Francis, by the death of his grandmother, succeeded to the title of Duke of Buccleuch. Henry, third Duke of Buccleuch (born 1740), was the greatest and most estimable of his family. He had for tutor and friend Dr. Adam Smith, and his talents were directed toward the improvement of the soil, the planting of trees, the making of roads, the improving of the breed of sheep, and the social elevation of the numerous tenantry on his ex- tensive estates in the south of Scotland. He died in 1812. and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, fourth Duke, who, dying in 1814, was succeeded by his son, Walter Francis, born 1806. He is noted for the creation of the deep- water harbor and port of Granton, two miles from Edinburgh, the greatest public improvements ever executed in Scotland by an individual at his own private cost He was Lord Lictilenant of Midlothian and Roxburghshire, and capt;iin of the Queen's bodyguard in Scotland. He died in 1884, and was succeeded in the title by his son, William Henry Walter (born 1831). Consult Scott, Manuscript of William Henri/ Walter Douglas Seott, t^i.rth l)il;e of liuccleueh and Queensberry (London, 1897). BUCEN'TAUR (Gk. /3«fjf, hous, ox -f wi-rav- /)of, keiitdiinjs. centaur). The name of the vessel from which the doges of Venice, on Ascension Day, celebrated the marriage of the city with the Adriatic. This ff-te was instituted at the close of the Tenth Century to commemorate the subjugation of Dalmatia. .t the close of the Twelfth C'i for the wedding of the -Vdriatic received a definite form. . splen- did water procession was formed, with the Doge in the Jiucentaur and the nobles of Venice in gondolas and feluccas. When the vessels, arrived at the mouth of one of the channels opening into the Adriatic, the Doge dropped a ring into the water, using the words, "We wed thee with this ring in token of our true and perpetual su])rem- acy." The name Hurcntiiur for the vessel first appears in 1289. The last ship was built in 1722- 29, and was destroyed bj- the French in 1797. BUCEPH'AIiUS (Gk. JinvKii>,a7.o(, lionkephn- los. litcnilly, ox-headed, from ^wif, bous, ox 4- KeOa'/.l/, hephalf: head). The name of the favor- ite charger of .Alexander the Great. It was prob- ably also the name of a peculiar breed of horses-