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* BTTBASTIS. 597 BUCCANEEB. bastis was rather a solar than a lunar divinity, and, unlike Artemis, she was a goddess of joy and mirth. Her great annual festival at Bubas- tis was usually attended with excessive revelry. BUBBLE. An English term, defined by Blackstone as an imwarrantable >nidertaking by unlawful subscriptions, subjecting the parties who originate and put them in operation to the penalties of jir(rpiuture (q.v.). The South-Sea Scheme and the Mississippi Scheme (q.v.) are examples. The Bubble Act was "enacted the year after the infamous .South-Sea project had beggared half the nation," to punish the fraud. It was repealed, however (6 Geo. IV. c. 91), and such companies are now dealt with by the com- mon law. Consult The Bubbles of Finance (Lon- don, 1865). BUBBLE. The 'city gallant' in Cooke's play which was originally kno%-n by the latter title, but which came finally to be called Greene's Tu Quo(]ue. The part of Bubble was originally played by the famous comedian Greene. The rOle is that of a servant who becomes rich and affects the niceties of speech. A pet phrase of his is 'tu quoque,' which is constantly on his lips. Greene's lisping of the words became so famous that the play came first popularly, and then authoritatively, to possess its present title. BUBBLE-SHELL. A mollusk of the large ani widely distril)uted marine gastropod family Bullidse. whose shells are egg-shaped (often as large as a hen's egg), and so thin as to suggest a likeness to bubbles. They are protected by wide, upturned flaps of the mantle, also used, it is said, in swimming. They frequent muddy and sandy bottoms, hiding under seaweed or burying themselves in the mud. All are animal feeders, and have large mouths, and the giz- zard ery muscular; and among its thick coats, in many species, are found calcareous bony plates, which, being moved against each other by its muscles, ser^e to grind down the food. A species of the eastern American coast is Bulla solitaria, having a brown-spotted shell. BUBI, bijoTje. A Bantu tribe of Fernando Po, in the Gulf of Guinea. The tribal name means 'men,' and they call their island the uni- verse. They number about 30.000, and are com- monly held to be feeble and treacherous. BU'BO (Med. Lat., from Gk. pmp'jv, bonbon, groin). A tumor con.sisting of a swollen lym- phatic gland in the groin, armpit, or neck, the inflamed condition being secondary to an infec- tion elsewhere, such as gonorrhoea (q.v.). chan- croid, or syphilis (q.v.). Bubo is a prominent symptom of bubonic plague. See Plagce. BUBON'IC PLAGUE. See Plague. BUCARAMANGA, boo'ka-ra-man'gft. The capital of the Department of Santander. Colom- bia, situated on the Lebrija River, over .3000 feet above sea-level (Map: Colombia. C 2). It is the seat of a United .States consular agent, and is the chief market for the western part of San- tander, a district producing tobacco, cotton. cacao, etc. There are also valuable deposits of gold, copper, and iron. Population, about 20,000. BUCCANEER' (Fr. hournnier, from boucan, smoke-house, or place for curing meat; see be- low). A title applied to the adventurers who were known to the French as Flibuslieris, to the Spanish as 'demons of the sea,' and among themselves as 'brethren of the coast.' These pirates infested the Caribbean Sea and harried the Spanish ^lain and the coasts of Xorth Anicr- ice in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries. The ruthless religious wars of the Sixteenth Century in EurofJC produced a body of daring fighters and seamen, like Drake, Hawkins, and Davis, who obtained large wealth in privateer- ing operations against Spain, which were little l)etter than legalized piracy according to the standards of a more humane age, although justified by the ideas and methods of their own time. Xaturally enough, when in 1680-85 the English Government undertook the suppression of freebooting and the semi-legal waj- was closed, open piracy was resorted to by the wild and reckless spirits whom the region and the age produced in such numbers. 'Buccaneers' is the name especially applied to the pirates of the Seventeenth Century ; those of the Eighteenth were known as 'marooners.' The buccaneers at first had their headquarters on the little island of Tortuga del ilar, off the northwest coast of San Domingo, in the Bahama Channel, which was the main line of Caribbean commerce. They raided San Domingo, and, taking the cattle from the Spanish plantations, dried the meat in build- ings known in French as boucan, and sold it to passing vessels which put in for provisions. Later they made these very ships a prey, and took to the sea themselves. From the Elizabethan sea- men, who made war according to the ways of their age upon Spain, through the earlier buc- caneers like Sir Henry Morgan, who confined his attacks to Spanish towns and vessels, and was given a kind of left-handed recognition by Spain's enemies, and Captain Kyd, who repre- sents the transition to the out-and-out pirate, the line of development continues straight to the notorious marooners like Blackbeard, Koberts, and Avery. The name 'marooners' came from the practice of the later pirates of maroon- ing, or putting their victims whom they did not otherwise dispose of ashore on desert islands or other inhospitable coasts. The story of the buccaneers, as it has been told, is much encumbered with fable. Its prin- cipal sources are the narrative of the Dutch- man Esquemeling, who served with ^Morgan, and seems to have told a fairly correct story. This narrative was translated from the Dutch into French and English. Capt. Charles .Johnson edited, in the early part of the Eighteenth Cen- tury, numerous chap-book histories of pirates and highwaymen. His first edition was entitled tlrnrral Uistori/ of the Fyrates of New Frori- (lOire (1724-27), and the second, The Histori/ of Hirihu-aj/men and Pirates (1734-42). Con- sult, also, History of the Buccaneers of Amerira (London, 1816; reprinted 18!)1); Archenholz, The History of the Piriites, Freebooters, or Buc- caneers of America, translated from the German (London, 1807) ; Pyle, editor, The Buccaneers and Marooners of America (L(md(m, 1801), which contains the narrative of Esquemeling; and Stockton, Buccaneers and Pirates of Our Coasts (Xew York, 1898). BUCCANEER, The. A poem, by Richard Iliiirv Dana, the scene of which is laid partly at lilock Islaiul. It was published in 1827. in Bostim, and was reviewed by William Cullen Bry- ant in the Xorth American Review (Vol. XXVi.,