Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/672

* BH.YOPHYTES. 596 BUBASTIS. groups upon tlie body ; in still others, as in Jlar- chantia, they are carried upon a special branch, at whose summit there is a disk in which they are developed. In the mosses the antheridia and the archegonia occur in clusters at the ends of main axes or branches. In some cases the anthe- ridial and archegonial clusters are separated ; in others, the two organs arc found in the same clus- ter. The leaves at the tips which bear the se.x- organs become more or less moditicd, forming a rosette, and, usually being larger than the ordi- nary leaves and sometimes differently colored, they have been called 'llowers.' Among the sex- organs, and especially among the antheridia, there often occur hair like outgrowths, known as ■paraphysps' ( q.v. ). For a further account of the two great groups of Bryophytes, see Hep.ti- CM and JIusci. In addition to the books cited under MoR- I'HOl.ocy, all of which treat more or less fully of this group, consult Campbell. Mosses and Ferns (New York, 1895), which gives a more detailed account of the structure and development of Bryophytes. For works on classification, see au- thorities referred to under T.xoxoiiY. BRY'OZO'A (Gk. jii>vni hryon, a mossy sea- weed + sV"'', ~0on, animal). A class of marine animals allied to the brachiopods and worms, and called Bryozoa by Elirenberg. in 1832, on ac- count of the moss-like habit of many members of the group. In the early days these animals were usuallj- confounded with the Hydroids, to some of which they are quite similar, and al- ready in 1830 they had received at the hands of J. V. Thompson, a British zoiilogist, the name 'Polyzoa,' in reference to the colonial habit of the organism. This latter name has been used to great extent by the British zoologists, often to the entire exclusion of the term Bryozoa, while American and French authors have preferred the name given to the group by Ehrenberg. In accordance with the classification adopted bj- Parker and Haswell, which is followed in its main features in this Encvclop;rdia, the animals of this group are described under the name POLYZOA. BRY'SON, See Antipiiox and Bryson. BRYLOFF, bn.i'luf, Ivarl Pavlovitcii (17'J9-1852| . A celebrated Russian painter, born in Saint Petersburg. He was one of a family of artists descended from a French refugee, and early showed such promise that he was sent to Italy with his brother to study. One of his best-known works, executed while there, is "Pompeii" (1833). After leaving Italy, he vis- ited Greece, Turkey, and the Holy Land, and on his return to Russia settled in JIoscow. After- wards he resided in Saint Petersburg, where he was professor at the Academy, and the master of many pupils. Among his works are some notable portraits, genre scenes, historical jiaint- ings, particularly "The iMurdcr of Inez dc ('as- tro" (in tlie Hermitage at Saint Petersburg); some frescoes in the C'athedral of Saint Isaac, and many religious i)icturcs, BRZEZANY, b'zhft-zhii'ni (from OCh. Slav. hri'zn, Pol. hr:o::a. AS. birre, Engl, birch). A town in the Austrian Crownland of Galicia. on the Zlota-Lipa, near the Dniester, .'50 miles south- east of Lcmberg (Map: Austria, .12). It manu- factures leather, distills alcoliol, and has a trade in wheat and agricultural products. Population, in 1890, 11,221 ; in 1900, 11,244, half of whom are Jews. BIT ACHE, bA-iish' (after the French geogra- pher Huaclie), or Garden Isl.4nd. An island of Western Austrulia, measuring 6 miles by I, and situated near the mouth of Swan River, in lati- tude 30° 10' S., and longitude 115° 40' E. It is important as sheltering from the open ocean the deep and spacious anchorage of Cockburn Sound, which Hows between it and the mainland. BUACHE, bv'ash', Philippe (1700-73). A Frencli scholar and geographer, born in Paris. )n 1721) lie was appointed royal geographer, and in 1730 a meml)er of the Academy of Sciences. He was distinguished for his system of ])hysical geography, according to which he divided the earth's surface into river-valleys and water- sheds, and arranged the ocean by means of sub- marine mountain chains, whose presence he held to be indicated by shoals and islands. His most important works are Considerations gfograph- iijues et physiques sur les noiivelles decouvcrtes au nord de la grande mer (1753) ; and an Atlas physique (1754). BTJANSTJ, boo'an-soo'. The Anglicized native name, in the Himalayan region, of the Indian wild dog (Cyon Deccanensis), known by other names elsewhere in India. See Dhole and Dog. BU'BALIS, or BU'BALE (Xeo-Lat., Gk. /3oi'/3«/>.(f, houbiiUs, an African species of ante- lope). .-Vn antelope ( Alcelaphus htibalinus), on& of the North African hartbeesls, supposed to be the bubalus of the ancients. It is alxmt the size of a large stag, with a long, ox-like head and muzzle, and heavily ringed lyrate horns. The color is bay, with a black tuft on the end of the tail. It is now nearly extinct in the east- ern Sahara. See Hartbee.st and Plate of Antelopes. BTJBAS'TIS, or BTJBAS'TUS (Gk. Boiv'Snffnf, Boubastis, Bov/iaaro^, Ii<juhaslos). The Greek name of the Egyptian city Pe(r) -Ubastet (House of Ubastet), mentioned in the Bible (Ezek. XXX. 17) as I'i-beseth. It was a place of considerable importance, devoted, as its name implies, to the worship of the goddess Ubastet (q.v.), and was the home or birthplace of the Pharaohs of the twenty-second and twenty-third dynasties. The site of Bubastis is marked by the ruins of Tell-Basta, near Zagazig, on the line ipf railway between Cairo and Suez. These ruins oH'er little to attract the attention of tourists, but excavations conducted on the spot by Na- ville, in 1887-88, brought to light many remains of fine temples and sculptures. The results of these excavations have been published by the Egypt Exploration Society in Memoir VIII., llubastis (1891), and in ^lemoir X., The Festi- vul Hall of Osorh-on II. (1892). In the neigh- borhood is an extensive cemetery, in which cats — the animal sacred to the local goddess — -were buried in such numl)crs that their bones have recently been employed in the manufacture of fertilizer. BUBASTIS (Egyptian Ubastet). A goddess of the Egyi)tians, worshiped at the city of the same name. Her sacred animal was the cat, and she is represented on the monuments either as a cat or as a woman with a cat's head. The Greeks identified her with Artemis, though the ground of this identification is not clear. Bu-