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* BIBLIOGRAPHY. 51 BIBLIOMANCY. TTorts in the Reading Room of the British Museum (18S9). Finally, these works have increased to such a number that the Biblio- graphical Society of Chicago printed as its lirst publication in IHOI A. G. S. Josephson's Biblio- ijraphy of Bibliographies Chronologicallg Ar- ranged. For the general purposes of the ordinary stu- dent, bookseller, and librarian, the book-trade bibliographies of the various countries are of most service. In the ease of American books, the series of the American Catalogue and its supple- ments will be sufficiept for most cases. Beginning with the books in print in 1S7G. 12 volumes cover the held to 1002. Annual volumes have been published since 1SS6, and the Publisher's Weekly keeps the record up to date. The Pub- lisher's Trade List Annual is indispensable, and the Monthly Cumulatirc Book Index, published since 1898, is excellent. American Book Prices Current, a record of books, manuscripts, and autographs sold at auction since 1894, is pub- lished annually, and is exceedingly valuable as giving the tiuctuating prices of out-of-print books. Both English and American books are included in Alliboue, Critical Dictionary of Eng- lish Literature (3 vols., 1859-72), Vith supple- ment (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1897). For books printed in England there is the English Catalogue, published in London since 178{): since 1837 an annual catalogue has been issued. The Reference Catalogue of Current Lit- erature (well indexed) is published every four years. For the earlier period of British publi- cations. Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica (4 vols., 1824) and LowTides's Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature (new ed. 11 vols., 18.57-64) are the chief authorities. For the prices of books sold at auction in England Book Prices Current, published annually since 1886, may be consulted. The principal trade catalogue of France is that of Lorenz, entitled Catalogue general de la librai- rie franiaise (13 vols.. Paris, 18G7-9G). It cov- ers a period from 1840 to 1890. Since 1893 a Catalogue annuel has been published, edited by D. .lordell. The earlier literature of France is best traced in Brunefs Manuel and Qui'rard's La France littcrairc (12 vols., 1827-64) and its sup- plements (6 vols., 1840-57). There are two very extended series of Ger- man trade bibliographies, that of Heinsius, All- gemcines Biicher-Lexicon (Leipzig, 1812-94), cov- ering the period 1770-1892 in 19 volumes, while that of Kayser, Tollstandiges Biicher-Lexikon (Leipzig. 1834-1900), covers the period 1750- 1898, in 32 volumes. For many years Hinrichs has published at Leipzig catalogues covering five- year and half-year periods. The best means of tracing Italian publica- tions is in the Catalogo collcltivo delta lihreria italinna (4 vols., Jli'lan, 1878-91) and in the Bollettino delle pubblica-ioni itnliane, published by the National Central Library of Florence sinoe 1888. To look up Spanish publications one needs Hidalgo's Diceionario general de hibliografia es- panoln (7 vols.. Madrid. 1862-81) and the monthly Boletin de la lihreria. which has been published since 1873. The authority for Portu- guese books is Silva's Diceionario bibliogrofico portuguez (10 vols., Lisbon, 1858-93) ; this also covers Brazilian works. Among numerous works published in Belgium, mention need only be made of the Bibliographie nationale (4 vols., Brussels, 1886-98). In Hol- land the name of Brinkman stands for the series of catalogues hich he has published at Amster- dam, including yaamlijst ran boekeu sedert 1790 tet IS'iU (.Amsterdam, 1835-58) and Catalogue van boekeu IS.JO-ill (Amsterdam, 1883-93). For the literature of Denmark the chief au- thorities are Bruun's Bibliotheca Danica, IJfSi til 1S30 (3 vols., Copenhagen, 1872-96) and the series Dansk Bogfortcgnelse, IS'iI-il.i (4 vols., Copenhagen, 1861-94). In Sweden the series of Broberg's Srensk Bok-Katalog and its supple- ments have been published since 1878. In addition to these national bibliographies, there is scarcely a science which does not pos- sess a bibliography of its own. Reference may be made here to some of the more important ones, princijjally published in Germany. For astronomy, Houzeau and Lancaster, Bibliogra- phie de I'a.^ronomie (Brussels, 1882-87); for botany, Pritzel, Thesaurus Literaturaf Botanicw (Leipzig, 1872) ; for arehteology, Hiibner, Bib- liographic dcr 1,'lassischcn Alfcrtunisu-issenschaft (Berlin, 1889) ; for Greek and Roman literature, Preuss, Bibliotheca Seriptoruin (^lassicorum (Leipzig, 1880-82) ; for American history, Lar- ned. The Literature of American History (Bos- ton, 1902) ; for French history, Monod, Biblio- graphie de Vhistoire de France (Paris, 1888); for German history, Dahlmann-Waitz, Quellen- kunde der deutsclien Ueschichte (Gottingen, 1894) ; for jurisprudence, Aiiihlbrecht, UebersichC dcr qesamtcn staals- und rcehtsicissenschafthehen I.ilt'eratur (Berlin, 1869) ; for medicine, Pauly, Bibliographie des sciences medieales (Paris. 1S74) ; for mathematics, Eogg, Bibliotheca Mathematica (Tubingen, 1830, continued by Sohncke, Leipzig, 1854) ; for music, Hofmeis- ter, Handbuch der musikalischen Litteratur (Leipzig, 1844-93) : for theology, Danz, Uni- versal-W'Srterbuch der theologisehen, kircheti- vnd religionsgeschiehtlichen Litteratur (Leipzig, 1843), and Hurter, Xomenelator Literariu-s: Re- eentioris Theologice Catholioce (Innsbruck, 1871- 86). Numerous bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works have appeared, from Geis- ler (1671) and Placcius (1674) down to the present day. ( See Axoxtmous.) Poole's /ndco; to Periodical Literature covers, for the Nine- teenth Centun*. a vast number of articles which have never apiicared in book-form. BIB'LIOMAN'CY (Gk. ^t/3Xia, biblia, the Bible -h imvrda, manteia, divination). A mode of divination much practiced during many ages, by opening the Bible and observing the first pas- sage which the eye lighted on, or by entering a church and taking notice of the first words of the Bible heard after entering. The Fathers of the Church were used in the same manner, and this use w-as equally condemned. The apjili- cation was often very fanciful, and depended rather upon the mere sound of the words than upon their proper si)Knification or the scope of the passage. Prayer and fasting were sometimes used as a preparation for a mode of consulting the divine oracles, than which nothing could be more contrary to their purpo.se and spirit, and which was in harmony only with the notions and practices of heathenism. Bibliomancy was pro- hiliited, under pain of exconuuunication, if the