Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/668

* BKUYAS. 592 BRYANT. the Mohawk language, and wrote a work in Latin on the Mohawk Radicals, the most extensive ■work vet written on the subject. He was one of the first to work among those Indians, and may be said to have established the mission there. BBUYilRE, brv'yar', Jean de ia. See La Bruy£:re. BRUYN, broin, Barthel (1493-1556). A Cierman historical and portrait painter. He was born in Cologne. He successively revealed the influence of Van Eyck, Jan Schoreel, and Hol- bein ; but toward the close of his career he for- sook these tendencies, and endeavored to imitate Michelangelo and other masters of Italian art. He was especially celebrated as a painter of portraits, a genre in which he occupied a very high rank. Among his numerous works in the Cologne Museum are the following: "ilartyrdom of Saint Ursula." "Adoration of the Magi," "Burgomaster Browillcr and Wife." His other productions include: "Corpus Christi" (Cologne Cathedral) ; "Altarpieee" (Saint Victor's Church, Xanten), a chef-d'oeuvre: "Saint Catharine" and eighteen others (Munich Gallery); "Madonna" (Berlin Museum); "Burgomaster Ryth" (ib.); also portraits in the Frankfort, Brussels, Bruns- wick, and Gotha galleries. BRUYS, bru's', BRTJIS, or BRUEYS, Pierre DE ( ?-c.ll26). A French religious reformer, founder of the Petrobrusians. Nothing is known of him beyond what is contained in the Episiola adrersiix Petrobrusianos Hwreticos, written by Peter the Venerable (q.v.), Abbot of Cluny, to certain of the bishops of Provence and Dauphine, not long after the death of de Bruys. He was originally, perhaps, a member of the secular clergy in southern France. His aim seems to have been to restore Christianity to its pristine simplicity. This meant, for him, to reject infant baptism, transubstantiation, prajers for the dead, and, in general, costly churches. But his ill- directed eloquence effected little save violence on the jiart of his followers. He preached chiefly in the dioceses of Aries, Die, Embrun, Gap, Xar- bonne, and Toulouse, and was finally appre- hended and burned at Saint Gilles. His follow- ers united with the Henricians, which sect, how- ever, did not last long. BRY'AN. A village and county-seat of Wil- liams County, Ohio, 55 miles west by south of Toledo, on the Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern and the Cincinnati Northern railroads (Map: Ohio, A 3). Population, in 1890. 30U8; in 1900, 3121. BRYAN. A city and county-seat of Brazos County, Tex., 100 miles northwest of Houston, on the Houston and Texas Central Railroad (Map: Te.xas, F 4). It has a considerable trade in live stock, cotton, and cotton-seed oil. and manufactures of cotton-seed oil, flour, carriages, etc. Population, in 1890, 2979; in 1900, 3589. BRYAN, Mirn.Ei. (1757-1821). An Eng- lish art critic and connoisseur, born in Newcas- tle-on-TxTie. He is the author of a biographical and critical niclionary of Painters and IJni/ra vers (1813-lfl), recognized as a standard work. It •was revised by R. E. Graves in 1S8(. In 1794 he was employed by the Duke of Bridgcwatcr and other English noblemen to purchase certain pictures in the Orleans collection of paintings. BRYAN, William Jennings (1860 — ). An American politician, born in Salem, 111. He graduated at Illinois College in 1881, and at the Union College of Law, in Chicago, in 1883, and practiced law in Jacksonville, 111., until 1887, when he removed to Lincoln, Neb. From 1891 to 1895 he was a member of Congress. He at- tracted attention as a public speaker soon after beginning the practice of the law, and in Congress he made several ell'ectivc speeches on free trade. In 1893, and again in 1894, he sought unsuccess- fully to secure an election to the United States Senate. He was the editor of the Onuilia World- Herald from 1894 to 1896, and made many speeches on free silver throughout the Jlississippi Valley. An eloquent speech against the gold standard, which he delivered in the Democratic National Convention of 1896, brought him the nomination for President, and soon afterwards he received the Populist nomination also. He canvassed nuich of the country in person, traveling more than 18,000 miles, and making numer(nis speeches, but was defeated by Me- Kinley by an electoral vote of 271 to 176. Dur- ing the next four years, except for a short time in 1898, when he served as a colonel of volun- teers in the Spanish-American War, he devoted himself assiduously to preaching the gospel of free silver and opposing trusts and im- perialism. In 1900 he was again nominated for the Presidency, this time by the Silver Re- publicans in addition to the Democrats and the Populists. He again made an active personal canvass, but was again defeated by ^IcKinley. the electoral vote being 292 to 155. Soon after the Presidential campaign of that year he estab- lished a weekly periodical. The Commoner, which he has since edited. He has published The First Battle: A Stor;/ of the Campaign of 1896 (1896), which also contains some of his speeches and a biographical sketch by his wife. BRYANT, Hexry Grieb (1859—). An American explorer and traveler. He was horn in Alleaheny, Pa.; graduated in 1S83 at Prince- ton L'niversity, and in 1886 at the law depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1892 was second in command in the Peary Relief Expedition to Greenland. In 1894 he commanded the Peary Relief Ex|)editio7i of that year, and in 1897 the expediticm to Mount Saint Elias, .laska. He was honorary vice-president of the International Geographical Congress in Berlin in 1899, and from 1897 to 1900 president of the Geogra])hical Society of Philadelphia. BRYANT, William CiT-LEN (1794-1878). A distinguished American poet and journalist. He was born in Cummington. Mass.. Novendier 3, 1794, the son of Dr. Peter Bryant, a jihysician and a inember, for several terms, of the ilassa- chusctts Legislature. He showed his precocity as a poet by publishing verse, at the age of thirteen, in the New Hampshire Gazette, and by writing the following year a satirical poem, "The Em- bargo," in the Eighteenth-Century manner; his most famous poem, "Tbanatopsis," was ]irobably conipo.sed in 1811, though it was not jjublisbed till 1817. Bryant studied for a year at Williams College, then took >ip law'. He was admitted to the bar in Plymouth, Mass., in 1815, practiced in Plainfield, "Mass., for a year, and in Great Barrington for nine years. During this time he was so well known as a poet that he was