Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/660

* BBUNO. 584 BRUNSWICK. canonized by Leo X. in 1514. Bruno loft no writ- ten regulations for his followers. These lirst made their appearance in a complete form in 1581, and were enjoined on all Cartliusians by Pope Innocent IX. Consult: Ta])pcrl. Life of lirutw (Luxemburg, 1872); another appeared at Mnntreuilsur-Mer (18'J8). BRUNO THE GREAT (o.92.5n05). Arch- bishop of Cologne, and Duke of Lorraine, one of the nio.st eminent men of hi.s time. He was the third son of Henry the I'owler, and the l)rother of Otho I., Emperor of Germany. Bahlerich, Bishop of Utrecht, was his instructor, and at an early age he became noted for surprising knowledge, sagac- ity, and eloquence which secured for him an im- mense influence over the bishops and dergi;'. On the other hand, his liberality, meekness, and great earnestness of heart won the affections and reverence of the laity. Summoned by Otho to the Imperial palace in 0.39, he quickly assumed an inlluential position among the choniclers, poets, and philosophers of the Court. In 940 he became Imperial Chancellor. lie accompanied Otho to Italy in 951. and honorably distinguished himself by his fidelity to his brother, when Otho's own son, Conrad, and others of his kindred rebelled against him. As a reward, the Em])eror appointed him Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorraine, in 95.3. Bruno died at Rheims. Oc- tober 11, 91)5. He wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch, and several lives of saints. For his life, consult F. I. Pieler, Gymnasial Program (Arnsbcrg. 1851). BRUNO'NIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE. See Brown, .Johx. BRUNS, broons, Ivo (1853—). A German classical jihilologi.st and jirofessor in the Uni- versity of Kiel. He was born in Halle, May 20, 1853. and is the author of Plato's Oesetze, etc. (1880); Lucrezsiudien (1884); Litterarische Porlriite der (iriechen (1890) ; Pcrsonlichkeit in iler fjeschichtschreibung der Alten (1898), etc. BRUNS, Iv^vRL Georg (1810-80). A German jurist. He was born in Ilelmstedt, and studied in Giittingcn, Heidelberg, and Tubingen. He was professor of law at the University of Berlin from 1801 to 1880. Several of his works on jurispru- dence are justly celebrated. They include: Das Recht des licsilzes im Mittelalter uitd in der (lerjenwart (1848) — a work worthy of being ranked with that of Savigny; and Ponies Juris Uonuini Aniii/iii (Cth ed., edited by Mommsen and riradcnwitz, 1893). BRUNS, Victor vox (1812-83). A German surgeon, born in Ilelmstedt. He studied in Brunswick, Tiibingcn, Halle, and Berlin, and after practicing in Brunswick visited Vienna and Paris, to perfect himself in the science of surgery. In 1843 he accepted the ])osition of professor of surgery at Tubingen. In 1855 he was ennobled. He wrote numerous scientific treatises, and was an authority on diseases of the lar. ix, winning the medical" i)rize of 20,000 marks olVercd by the Academy of Turin with his work on the surgical treatment of the larynx. Among his publications arc: Die Durclischneidiing der (lesirhtsnerven hcim Oesiehtsschmerz (Tiibingcn, 1859) ; Die Lari/ngoskopie und laryngoshopische Chirtirgic (Tubingen, 18C5) ; Die Ainputalion der (Hied- masscn dureh Ziriclsehnitt mit vordcrm Uaut- lappen (Tubingen, 1879). BRUNSWICK, brunz'wik. A city, port of entry, and county-seat of Glynn County. tJa., 90 miles south by west of Savannah, on Saint Si- mon's Sound, 8 miles from the ocean, and on the Seaboard Air Line, the Phint System, and the Southern railroads (Map: (ieorgia. E 4). It is connected also by steamshijis with ew York and Boston, as well as other jioints on the coast; has a fine harbor, with a lighthouse over 100 feet high; and exports cotton, phosphates, tar, rosin, turpentine, cross-ties, and pine lumber. Truck-gardening and oyster and vegetable can- ning are imjiortant industries. Brunswick is popular as a summer and winter resort, and lias many points of interest, among the more promi- nent of which are the United States Government building, the city hall. Oglethorpe Hotel. .Jekyl Island Club (the 'ilillionaire's resort'), the his- toric Saint Simon's Island, Cumberland Island, (he burial-place of 'Light Horse Harry' Lee, the site of Dungeness Castle of the Carnegies. and the Shell Boulevard, 9 miles in length. Under a revised charter of 1900, the government is vested in a mayor, elected every two years, and a mu- nicipal council, cho.scn on a general ticket, which embraces all subordinate ollicials. Brunswick was settled as earlv as 1735 bv James Oglethorpe (q.v.). Population, in 1890, 84.59; in 1900,9081. BRUNSWICK. A town in Cumberland County, .Maine, including Brunswick Village, at the head of navigation on the Androscoggin River, and on the ilaine Central Railroad (Map: Maine, 8). It is 9 miles west of Bath, and opposite Topsham, with which it is connected by bridges. Good water-power is afforded by tin- falls of the river at the head of tidal waters. T,e town manufactures cotton goods, l>ulp. flour, canned goods, boxes, brass, steel, and wooden spe- cialties, patent medicines, etc. It has a pidilic library of over 9000 volumes, and is the seat of Bowdoin College (q.v.) and the .Medical School of JIaine. Brunswick was settled in 1628, and originally was called Peje])scot. The town of Brunswick was incorporated in 1717, and the village in 1830. Population, in 1890, 0012; in 1900, 0800. Consult Wheeler. Tlislonj of Bruns- icick, Topshain, and HarpstreU, Including the Aneient Territory Known as Pejepscot (Boston, 1878). BRUNSWICK, Dike of. See Charles, Frkdeuu K Alia sris William. BRUNSWICK, House of. Henry the Lion, of the lliiuse of (iuclph, one of the great vassals 01 Frederick Barliarossa in the Twelfth Century, was the founder of this house He held the old Saxcm duchy and Bavaria, bvit lost all save his allodial possessions, Brunswick and Lunehurg, through his rel)ellious conduct. His son Otho was German Emperor as Otho IV. Otho the Child, a grandson of Henry the Lion, was recog- nized as the lirst Duke of Brunswick in 1235. The history of the House of Brunswick in the course of the next four centuries jiresents a be- wildering succession of divisions, rcvinions, and ramifications. Ernst the Confessor, Duke of Lunehurg, who lived at the time of the Reforma- tion, and who introduced Protestantism into his little State, may be regarded as the progenitor, Ihrough his grandson Augustus, of the modem eliler ducal line of Brunswick ( Brunswick- Wolf- enliiittel) which became extinct in 1884, and, through his son William, of the new younger