Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/650

* BRUCE. 574 BRITCE-JOY. Irvine concluded July 9, 1297, and once more took the field against liim.. In 1299, the year after Wallace's defeat at Kalkirk. Bru<>e. again in favor with Kdw;ird. was made one of the four regents who ruled the kingdom in the name of Baliol, but apparently took no jiart in active hostilities, yet in the three campaigns which took place previous to the final subjuga- tion of Scotland, contrived to retain the friend- ship of Edward. In ISO.') he was cousulted in the settlement of the government. With John Comyn, called the "Red Coniyn,' the nephew of Baliol. he had long been at enmity. In an inter- view between them, in the cliurcli of the Minorite Friars at Dumfries, on February 10, 1,306, a <iuarrel took jjlace. and Bruce stabbed Comyn ttith his dagger. Hushing out to his attendants, he exclaimed, it is said: "I doubt I have slain the Red Comyn!" "You doubt!" cried one of them; "I mak sikker!" (i.e. sure), and, running into the church with some others, slew Comyn and his brother. Bruce hastened to Loehmaben Castle, as.sembled his vassals, and i)roclainied his right to the throne. On Jlarcli 27 he was crowned King at Sc(me. An Englisli army, under the Earl of Pembroke, nominated by Edward Governor of Scotland, took possession of Pertli, and on June 19 attacked Bruce in the wood of Methven, c<mipclling him to retreat into the wilds of Athole. At Dairy, near the liead of Loch Tay, Bruce was attacked by Alexander, I.ord of Lorn, chief of the ^laedougals, related by marri.age to the Red Comvn, and compelled to retire. Sending his Queen and her ladies to Kildrummy Castle. Bruce fled to the highlands, and thence to the little island of Rachrine. on the coast of .Vntrim, Ireland. In his absence the English took the Queen and the Princess Marjory from the sanctuary of Saint Duthac, Ross-shire, ilany of Bruce's followers were be- headed or hanged, all his estates were confiscated, and he and his adherents were exconnnunicated by the Pope"s legate at Carlisle. Persecution, however, brought many adherents to Bruce. In the spring of K'OT, with alxmt .'ioO men, Bruce landed in Carrick, and at midnight siir|)riscd the English garrison in his own castle of Turnberry, but retired before a superior force into the mountainous districts of Ayrshire. At Loudon Hill, May 10, 1307, he defeated the English under the Earl of Pembroke, and three days after overthrew another army under the Earl of Gloucester. In less than two years he wrested from the English nearly the whole of Scotland. Edward I. was dead, and Eilward 11. was without the abilit}" to hold his father's conquests. In the fall of 1312 the Scots invaded England, but with little success. In the autunm of 13I.'i Edward Bruce, brother of Robert, undertook the siege of Stirling Castle, held by Sir Philip Mow- bray for the English. A treaty was entered into by which Mowbray bound himself to surrender the fortress if not relieved before the 24th of .lune in the following year. The anxiety of the English to save the stronghold from falling into the hands of the Scotch led to the memorable bat- tle of Bannockburn, June 24, 1314. in which Bruce commanded in person. The English, under Edward II., numbering, it is said, about 100.000 men, were totally routed, leaving 30.000 dead upon the field; while the Scots, who were only .30,000 strong, with 1.5.000 camp followers, lost about .5000. In 1317 Bruce passed over to Ire- land to assist his brother Edward, elected King of that country, and defeated the. glo Irish under the Baron of Clare. In the spring of 1318 the Scotch army invaded England by the way of Xorthumberland. The English King retorted by an invasion into Scotland, but was compelled to retreat, and was followed by Bruce, who be- sieged Norhara Castle, and defeated Edward once more at Biland Abbey, Yorkshire. A truce, to last for thirteen years, was concluded at Berwick on .lune 7. 1323. On the accession of Edward 111., in 1.327, hostilities recommenc^ed ; but the Scots were again victorious, and a linal treaty was ratified in a parliament at Xorthampton, April, 1328, recognizing the independence of Scotland and Brue's right to the throne. A vic- tim to lejirosy, the King spent the last two years of his life at Cardross Castle, on the northern shore of the Firth of Clyde, and died June 7, 1329. His heart, extracted and embalmed, was delivered to Sir .James Douglas to be carried to Palestine and buried in .Jerusalem. Douglas w.as killed fighting against the !Moors in Spain, and the sacred relic of Bruce, with the body of its devoted cham])ion. was brought to Scotland and buried in the monastery of Melro.se. Bruce's body was interred in the abbey church of Dun- fermline, and in clearing the foundations for a third church on the same spot in 1819 his bones were discovered. He was twice married: (1) to Isabella, daughter of Donald, tenth Earl of Mar, by whom he had issue, a daughter, Marjory, wife of Walter, the High Steward, whose son ascended the throne as Robert II.; and (2) to Elizabeth, daughter of Aymer dc Burgh, Earl of Ulster, who bore him a son. who succeeded him as David 11., and two daughters. Consult: Kerr, Life and Ueign of Itohert the Bruce (Edin- burgh, 1811) ; and Longman, History of the Life (ind Times of Edward III. (London, 1809). BRUCE, or BRUS, Tuii. See Bajsuoub, Joii:^. BRU'CEA (named after the African traveler, .1. Bruce). A genus of shrubs somewhat doubt- fully referred to the order Simarubaceic. lirucea antidysenterictt, or ferru(iineti, is an Abyssinian species, the leaves of which are said to be tonic, astringent, and useful in dysentery. Thb.se of Hrueea sumatrana. a native of the Indian .Archi- pelago, China, etc., possess the same medicinal properties. The seeds of this species contain saponin, quassin, a bitter principle, etc., and are locally of repute as a specific for dysentery. They are intensely bitter. The Al>yssinian species acquired a fictitious importance in the beginning of the Xineteenth Century from a mistaken belief that it ])roduced the dangerous false Angostura bark, and in this belief the name lirucine (q.v.) was given to an alkaloiil really produced by the Xu. vomica (q.v.) and other species of Stryeh- nos (q.v.). See Angcsti BA Bakk. BRUCE-JOY, Ai-BKRT (1842—). An Irish sculptor, born in Dublin. He studied at South Kensington and the Royal Academy, and after- wards in Rome. He has made a number of statues of prominent men for the public build- ings of London. .Among these are "Matthew .Arnold" (Westminster Abbey). ".Adams the -Astronomer" (Westminster .Abbey), and the "-Archbishop Benscm Memorial" (Rugby Chapel, 1898). His portrait bust of Depew is at the Lotus Club, Xew York City, and he also produced the Aver colossal lion in Lowell, Mass.