Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/637

BROWN. tion over into the United Presbyterian Church, lie died in Edinburgh, October 13, 1858. As a preacher. Dr. Brown was among the first of his time. For clearness of scriptural exposition, chaste and powerful language, and majestic ardor and earnestness of manner, he had no equal in his denomination and no superior in Scotland. The attractiveness of his delivery was heightened by a countenance singularly noble, tender, and sweet. Among his works are The Late of Christ Respecting Civil Doctrine (1830); The Resurrection of Life (1852); and his important and scholarly Expository Discourses on the Epistle of First Peter (3 vols., 1848); Discourses and Sayings of Christ (3 vols., 1850); on the Epistle to the Galatians (1853) ; on the Epistle to the Romans (1857) ; and that to the Hebrews (1862). For his life, consult Cairn's Memoir (Edinburgh, 1860).

BROWN, (1810-82). A Scottish physician and author. He was born at Biggar, Lanarkshire. Scotland. September 22, 1810: studied in the University of Edinburgh, and practiced medicine in that city. His practice was successful, but not large, and his fame rests mainly on his literary works, which consist of the sketches termed Horæ Subsecivæ (3 vols., 1858, 1861. 1882), and of the widely read Rab and His Friends (1859). His literary motto was that an author should not publish anything "unless he has something to say and has done his best to say it aright," and for this reason he published but little, distrusting his own powers and subjecting what he wrote to the severest criticism. But the little he did produce is marked by a winning tenderness and humor. He died May 11, 1882, after an uneventful and somewhat melancholy life. Consult Peddie, Recollections of Dr. John Brown (London, 1893).

BROWN, (183l — ). An American painter. He was born in Durham, England, November 11, 1831. and studied in Newcastle-on-Tyne and in Edinburgh, where he received a medal from the Royal Scottish Academy in the antique class in 1853. In the same year he took up his residence in America. He received medals from Boston and San Francisco in 1877 and honorable mention at Paris in 1889. He was an original member of the Water Color Society (1866), and in 1901 was its president. He is also a member of the National Academy of Design and of the Artists' Fund Society. His portrayals of New York bootblacks and street urchins are widely known and very popular with the general public, more so, in fact, than with artists or critics. Among the best of his works are: "His First Cigar," "The Passing Show" (1877), "A Merry Air and a Sad Heart" (1880), "Street Boy" (1882), "The Gang" (1895), and "Street Boys at Play" (1900)

BROWN, (1829-92). A French painter, born in Bordeaux. He was a pupil of Roqueplan and Belloc, and won fame by his pictures of hunting and military scenes, and his studies of horses and dogs. In method he is classed with the impressionists. His works include the following titles from a very extended list: "Steeple-Chase" (1861); "Interior of a Stable" (1861); "Horses on the Turf" (1861); "Hunting Incident" (1864); "At the Outposts" (1865); "Dogs Running" (1872); "Incident in the Battle of Froschwiller" (1874); "Relay of Omnibus Horses" (1884); and "Hohcnlinden" (1887).

BROWN, {{sc|John Newtox (1803-68). A Baptist divine. He was born in New London. Conn., June 29, 1803, graduated at what is now Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.. 1823; was pastor in various places, professor of theology and ecclesiastical history in the New Hampton Theological Institution, New Hampshire, 1838-45, editorial secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society, and editor of the Christian Chronicle and National Baptist, Philadelphia, from 1849 till his death in Germantown, Pa., May 15, 1868. He edited The Encyclopædia of Religious Knowledge (1835), and wrote The New Hampshire Confession (1852), which has been widely used.

BROWN, {{sc|John Young}} (1835-1904). An American lawyer and politician. He was born in Hanlin County, Ky., graduated at Centre College, Danville, in 1855. and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He was elected to Congress in 1859, but not having reached the minimum age prescribed by the Constitution for Congressmen, he was not allowed to take his seat until the second session. He was elected to Congress again in 1868, but was excluded by political disabilities. He sat in Congress during 1873-77, after which he devoted himself to his legal practice. He served as Governor of Kentucky from 1891 to 1895. and in 1897 ran for Governor as "an honest election Democrat." against Taylor and Goebel. He is widely known as an orator.

BROWN, {{sc|Joseph Emerson}} (1821-94). An .American lawyer and politician. He was born in South Carolina, but early in life removed to Georgia. He graduated at the Yale Law School in 1846, and immediately engaged in the practice of his profession, but soon entered politics, and in 1849 was elected to the State Senate. He was chosen Governor by the Democrats in 1857. and by reelection held that office until after the Civil Var. He was an active secessionist, seizing the Georgia forts before the State left the Union and raising an army of 10,000 old men and boys to prevent General Sherman from passing through the State on the famous march to the sea. He, however, opposed President Davis's conscription measures, and in 1868 advised his State to accept the reconstruction policy. His party turned against him when he supported General Grant for the Presidency, and defeated him when he sought election to the United States Senate as a Republican. He was then appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia, but resigned in 1870 to become president of the Western and Atlantic Railroad Company. In 1872 he returned to the Democratic Party, and in 1880 was elected to the United States Senate. He made large gifts for religious and educational purposes. Consult Fielder. Life and Times of Joseph E. Brown (Springfield, 1883).

BROWN,{{sc|Mr.}} The name signed to a series of letters to an imaginary young man about town, which Thackeray contributed to Punch in 1849.

BROWN, {{sc|Nicholas}} (1769-1841). An American merchant and philanthropist, born in Providence, R. 1. He graduated at Rhode Island College in 1786. Five years later he inherited his father's fortune and soon thereafter organized, with Thomas P. Inez, the business house which