Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/631

* BROUGHAM. 555 BROUSSAIS. During and subsequent to his Chancellorship, his public appearances in a little carriage spe- cially built for him excited curiosity. This vehicle became associated with his name, and was the forerunner of the modern "brougham.' When not engaged in Parliament, Lord Brough- am resided chiefly at Cannes, in the south of France. The growth and prosperity of this sea- side resort is mainly due to Brougham, and he is kept in remoubrance by a monument erected by the grateful inhabit^vnts. He died there. May 7, 1S6S. He left a memoir of his Life and Times, 3 vols. (Xew York, 1871). Written in his old age, it contains exaggerated statements; while the partisan tone of his biographers is also unreliable. See his Works (11 vols., 1S55-62), and consult Campbell, Lives of Lord Lyndhurst and Lord Browiham (London, 18(59). BROUGHAM, John (1810-80). An Irish actor and playwright. He was born in Dublin, May 9, 1810. Educated as a surgeon, a reverse of the family fortunes led him to the London stage in 1830, where he achieved success as an actor and writer of light burlesque, and col- laborated with Dion Boucieault in the comedy London Assurance. For a time he managed the London Lyceum, but moved in 1842 to the L^nit- ed States, where he became a member of the stock company of Burton's Theatre, in New York, for which he wrote several now-forgotten ■comedies. He then undertook the management of Niblo's Garden, and in 1850 opened Brough- am's Lyceum (later Wallack's Theatre), an un- successful venture. Then he became manager of the Old Bowery Theatre, and finally accepted an engagement at Wallack's, and soon after at Burton's. For all these theatres he wrote dra- mas of ephemeral interest, such as Playing icHh Fire and The Game of Lore. The years of the Civil War he passed in England. Returning to New York, he made another unsuccessful at- tempt in theatrical management. His last ap- pearance on the stage was at Booth's Theatre, October 2.5, 1879, and he died June 7, 1880, in Xew York City. He was the founder of the Xew York Lotus Club, and for some time its president. He also launched a short-lived comic paper. The Lantern (1852), and published two volumes of miscellanies, .-l Basket of Chips (1855) and The Bunshy Papers. In all, he wrote about one hundred plays, none of them notewortliy. BROUGHTON, brou'ton, Hugh (1549-1612). A Protestant Bible scholar. He was born at Owlbury, Shropshire, England, and educated at Cambridge. At an early age he distinguished himself as a Hebrew scholar, and wrote and spoke Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. He was a Puri- tan preacher in London for a while, but deemed it prudent to retire to the Continent in 1589, be- cause the bishops thought his views dangerous. Henceforth he went back and forth, and from 1003 to Kill was pastor of the English congre- gation at Middelburg, Holland. He died in Lon- don, August 4, 1612. Though as early as 1593 he had projected a new translation of the Bible, and his fitness for the work was universally acknowledged, he had no part in King .James's Version. This was a great disappointment to him, and he criticised the version unsparingly. John Lightfoot, a still greater Hebrew scholar. Vol,, in.— 3«. edited his literary remains, with a life (London, 1602). BROUGHTON, brou'ton, John Cam Hob- iiousK, Baron (1786-1869). An English states- man and writer, the friend of Byron. He was horn in Bristol, June 27, 1786. He was educated at Westminster and at Cambridge, where, in 1808, he obtained both the Hulscan prize and his B.A. degree, graduating M.A. in 1811. In 1809 he visited Spain, Portugal, Albania, Greece, and Tur- key, with B_yron. In 1813 he followed the allied armies, and was present at the battle of Dresden and at Paris when Louis XVIU. returned in 1814. When Napoleon escaped from Elba, Hob- house again sought Paris, and the following -ear pul)lishcd the Hundred Days in Paris. The work, of Napoleonistic sympathies, gave great offense both in England and France. The trans- lator and printer in Paris were sentenced to fine and imprisonment for an 'atrocious libel,' and in London Hobliouse was confined in Newgate nearly three months. On his release he joined Byron near Geneva, and together they visited Venice and Rome. As a martyr to Toryism, in 1819, he unsuccessfully contested the parliamen- tary borough of Westminster, but the following year he was elected by a large majoritj-. For 12 years he was an advocate of liberal measures, among them the repeal of the Test and Corpora- tions acts and Roman Catholic emancipation. In 1831 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy, and in the same year was Secretary of War in the Grey Jlinistry. Subsequently he was cliief conunissioner of woods and forests and presi- dent of the board of control. In 1851 he was raised to the peerage and created Baron Brough- ton. At his death, June 3. 1809, the title be- came extinct, while the baronetcy passed to his nephew. Lord Broughton i^ublished: Imitations and Translations from the Cla.isics (1809); Journey Throuyh Alhania and Other Provinces of Turkey (1812) ; and Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold (1818). As Byron's intimate friend he was dissuaded from replying to Lady Byron's Hemarks, but wrote a manuscript, now" in possession of Lady Dorehest<>r, containing a '"fun and scrupulously accurate account of the separation, to be used if necessary." BROUGHTON, Phyllis. An English ac- tress, who began her career as a London nuisic- liall dancer, and afterwards gained popularity in light comedy. Among the plays in which she has appeared are: The Forty Thieves (1880) ; Whittington and His Cat (1881) ; Alad- din (1881); Paul Jones (1889); Marjorie (1890); Blue-eyed Susan (1892); In Toicn (1892) ; and Gentleman Joe (1895). BROUGHTON, Rhoda (1840—). A popular Englisli novelist. She was born in North Wales, but has spent much of her life in Oxford. Among her works, all of which are clever and entertaining, but of inferior literary quality, are: Cometh Up as a Flotcer (1867) : Xot ll'tse- /)/ but too Well (1807) ; Ped as a Rose is She (1870) ; Nancy (1873) ; Belinda (1883) ; Doctor Cupid (1886) ; Alas! (1890) ; ficylla or Charyb- dis (1805); Dear Faustina (1897); and Foes in Law (1901). BROUSSA, broos'a. See Brusa. BROUSSAIS, broo'sa'. Fra.<;'oi.s Joseph VicTou (1772-1838). A French physician. He