Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/608

* BBOGLIE. 532 BROKER. Ambassador to Great Britain, but was recalled hy Tliiers the following year. When Marshal AlacMalion assumed the Presidency in 1873, the Due <ie Hrojjlie became Premier, and held the office until May l(i, 1874. In 1870 he was elected Senator and resumed the leadersliip of the reactionary parties; and in 1877 he was again Premier for a few months. He achieved greater distinction as a liistorian tlian as a statesman. Among his works, other than those mentioned above, are: Souveraincli pontificale <t la UhcrU (18G1); Lc secret du rot: corre- spoudance secrete de Louis XV. (1878) ; Marie Therese imperatrice (1888) ; and Mimoires de TaUeiir<ind (1891). BKOGLIO, brO'lyo, Emilio (1814-92). An Italian statesman and author, born in Milan, and educated at the universities of -Verona and Pavia. He took part in the Revolution in Lom-, bardy ia 1848, and was appointed secretary of the Provisional Government. In 1856 he pub- lished twenty-five letters to Count Cavour "On the Income Tax" {DeW imposta suUa rendita, Turin. 2 vols). He was a member of Parliament from 1861 to 1876. and from 1867 to 1869 was Minister of Public Instruction. His works in- clude Sttidii costitii:::ioiiaTi ("Constitutional Studies," Milan, 1860) ; DeUe forme parlomtn- iari ("On Parliamentary Forms," Milan, 1865) : and II regno di Pederieo II. di Prussia ("The Reign of Frederick II. of Prussia," Rome, 2 vols., 1879-80). BBOGTJE, brOg ( Scotcli, from Gael. hrOrj. shoe, lioof ). A rudely formed species of shoe of many varieties, formerly used by the aboriginal Irish and the Scottish Highlanders. The name has been applied to a modern kind of shoe, with a hob-nailed sole. It is also used to signify the peculiar pronunciation of English that distin- guishes natives of Ireland. See Shoes and Shoe Manuf.^cture. BROHAN, brd'iiN', Emii-ie Madeleine (1833- 1900). A French actress, born October 21, 1833, in Paris. At the age of fifteen she entered the Conservatoire, from which she was graduated in 1850 with the first prize for comedy. At her dfbut the same year on the stage of the Comedie Francaisc, slic created the part of Marguerite in Les contes de la reine de liavarre, by Scribe and Legouve, and nuide a great success. Site was elected a sociitaire in 1852. Except for a two years' absence in Russia (1856-58), as a sequel to her tmhappy niarfiage to M. Mario Uehard in 1854, slie continued at the Theiltre Frangais till 1886, when she retired. Besides her successes in the classic repertory, notably as Elmire in 1'artufe, and Sylvia in /.< jcu dc Vamour ct du hasard. she created leading parts in a number of new plays, among them I'ar droit de eonqucle, Les doiyts de fie, and Reves d'amour, Les ca- prices de Marianne, Le lion amoureux, by Pon- sard. and he monde ou Von s'ennuie. BROHAN, -ToslipniNE FfxiciTfi Augu-stine (1824-93). A French actress. She was born De- cember 2, 1824, the daughter of Suzanne Hrohan, also a well-known French actress, who died in 1887. Augustine Brohan, after distinguishing herself at the Conservatoire, made, in 1841, a brilliant dCbut at the Theatre Francais.as Dorine in Tartufe and Lisette in Rivauxd'eux-nUnnes. In 1842 she was elected a member of the eomi)any. Among the many plays in which she made her rep- utation were; Le manage de Figaro; L'Avare; Le bourgeois genlilhomme ; La vieillesse de Riehe- lieu; Les aristocraties; and La famille Poisson. She was the author of .several of the short drama- tic pieces, known as Proverbcs, for private repre- sentation, and was famous for her witty say- ings, such as her parody of Rohan's celebrated motto, "Coquette ne veux, soid)rette ne daigne, Brohan suis." In 18G(i she retired from the theatre, owing to an ali'ection of the eyes, and soon afterwards became the wife of M. Edraond David de (iheest, who died in 1885. BROILING (OF. bruiller, to boil, roast, prob- ably from bniir, to roast; cf. Ger. briihen, to scald). A convenient and expeditious mode of cooking small ])ieces of meat, by laying them on a gridiron over a bright fire, or even on the coals llienisclvcs. The latter is perhaps the most primitive mode of preparing meat for eating, as may be supposed from the ease and simplicity with which it is managed. Broiling is, in fact, a quicker sort of roasting. The albumen of the outside being sealed up at once, the meat is rendered extremely nutritious, and therefore this process is much to be recommended. BROKE, Sir Philip Bowes Verb (1776- 1841 ) . An English admiral. He went to sea at the age of 12, entered the British Navy, and in ISOG was put in command of the Shannon. In 1813 (.Jime 1) he fought his famous battle with the American frigate (■hesapeake, then command- ed by Capt. James Lawrence. He was perma- nently disabled during the engagement, but was made a K.C.B. for his victory. Consult Brigh- ton, .1/emoij- of Admiral Sir P. B. V. Broke (Lon- don. 1866). See Cues..peake, The. BRO'KEN BOW. A city and coUnty-seat of Custer County, Neb., near the middle of the State, on the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad (Map: Nebraska, E 2). It is the centre of a projluetive farming and stock-raising district, and has some manufactures. Popula- tion, in 1890. 1647; in 1900, 1375. BROKEN HEART, Tire. A tragedy by John Ford, first acted in 1629 at Blackfriars by the King's servants, and publislied in 1633 in cpiar- to, under the pseudonym 'Fide Honor,' with a dedication to William, Lord Craven; It was highly praised by Charles l.amb in his Speci- mens of Dramatic Poets, and was reprinted in 1811 in Weber's collection of the author's works (2 vols.). See Calantiia. BROKEN HILL. A mining town of Yan- cowinna County, New South Wales, Australia, the terminus of a railway line, 260 miles north- cast of Adelaide and 17 miles east of Silverton (Map: New South Wales, A3). The town is built on a ridge 150 feet above the plain, and has one of the richest silver lodes in the world. It has been worked since 1884. The annual out])ut of silver, gold, copper, and tin in the dis- trict exceeds .$8,750,000. Population, in 190U 27.518. • BROKEN WIND. See Heaves. BROKER (originally one wluj uses, manages, han<lles. OIKJ. hruhhen, AS. brucan, ME. brulccn, broken, Ger. brauchen, to use. For a similar development, cf. Ger. Makler, broker, from viakeln, makeln, to act as broker, allied to Dutch maken, to make; also Ger. hundeln. to deal, bar- gain, from Hand, hand — i.e. from 'handling').