Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/607

* BRODRICK. 531 BROGLIE. Foreign Affairs. He was made Secretary for War in I'JOO. In 1885 he was elected to represent the Guilford division of West Surrey. It was on his motion that Lord Rosebery's Government was overthrown in June, 1895. As a student of polit- ical questions, he won the commendation of Mr. Gladstone. BROD'SKY, Adolf (1851—). A Russian violinist. He was bom at Taganrog in the Province of the Don Cossacks, studied under Hellmesberger in Vienna, and became a member of the Hellmesberger quartet and of the orches- tra of the Royal Opera in Vienna. Subsequently he undertook a concert tour, pursued further study under Laub in Moscow, and in 1875 was appointed an instructor in the Moscow Conserva- tory. He became director of the symphony con- certs in Kiev in 1879, in 1882 a professor in the Leipzig Conservatory, and in 1891 an instructor in Scharwenka's Conservatory, Xew York. In 1895 he was appointed director of the Royal Col- lege of Music in Manchester, England. He ap- peared in concert with great success in 1881-82 in London, Vienna, Paris, and Moscow. BRO'DY (Slav. pi. of hrod, ford, referring to the swamps around it). A town in the Austrian Crownland of Galieia, situated on a swampy plain, surounded by forests, about 56 miles east- northeast of Lemberg. not far from the Russian frontier (Map: Austria, J 1). The to^vn is well built, with broad, well-paved streets. Although its commercial importance has been on the de- cline for several years, it still remains a leading exchange mart between Austria-Hungary and Russia. The chief articles of commerce are grain, wool, cattle, furs, feathers, and agricul- tural implements, and its trade is almost entirely in the hands of the .Jews, who constitute two- thirds of the population of the city. Population, in 1800, about 17,534: in 1900, 17,360. BRODZINSKI, brod zen'ske, Kazimierz (1791-1835). A Polish poet, born at Krolowka (Galieia). He was professor of Polish literature in the University of Warsaw from 1826, until it was closed in 1831. He contributed much to the furtherance of Polish literature, through both his professional instruction and his pub- lished works, which include the idyllic poem Wieslaic (1820), and translations of the Book of Joh and the dramas of Schiller. The best edition of liis works is that by Kraszewski (War- saw. 8 vols., 1872-74). BROFFERIO, bruf fa'rA-o, Angelo (1802- 66). An Italian poet and publicist, born at Cas- telnuovo-Calcea. In 1834 he established the Mas- saggiere Torinese. and from 1849 to 1856 he edited the radical Voce deila Liberia ("The Voice of Liberty"). From 1848 until his death he was a member of the Parliament of Piedmont, and achieved distinction as one of the foremost ora- tors of the democratic opposition. Against Count Cavour lie directed his satire, II Tartufo ffiolitico (1859). His other works include: Storia del Piemonte dnl IHl.'t ai giorni nostri ("History of Piedmont from 1814 to Our Own Day," Turin, 5 vols., 1849-52) ; ficene elleniche ("Greek Scenes," last ed., Turin, 1884) ; the extremely popular Canzoni pirmonlesi ("Songs of Pied- mont," 8th ed., Turin, 1885) ; and / »Hiei tempi ("Recollection of My Times," 20 vols., 1858-61). BROGLIE, l)r<Vlye',AcniLLE Charles LfioNCE ViCTOK, Due de ( 1785-1870) . A French statesman. He was born in Paris, Xovymber 28, 1785. The family was Piedmontese, but had won distinction in the armies of France, one of its members obtaining the fank of marshal under Louis XIV., and another holding the post of commander-in- chief under Louis XVI. The father of Achille died in 1794 on the guillotine, but left the in- junction to his son to remain faithful to Liberty even though slie was ungrateful and unjust. "His father murdered, his mother in prison, his property confiscated and plundered, the young de Broglie first appears in life in wooden shoes and a red cap of liberty, begging an as- signat." Early in life he was a member of Napoleon's Coimeil of State. Broglie entered the House of Peers in 1815, just before he was thirty years old. At the trial of Marshal Xey, he alone had the courage to speak and vote for acquittal on the ground that the ^Marshal was not gtiilty of premeditated treason. During the Restoration he acted with the doctrinaires, of whom Guizot was the ablest representative. In 1810 he married Mme. de Stael's daughter Albertine. About the same time he became the ally of Clarkson and Wilberforce in the anti- slaverj' cause. In Louis Philippe's first Cabi- net he was Jlinister of Public Worship, and in 1832 succeeded Casimir Perier as Minister of Foreign AflTairs. In 1835 he was the liead of the Cabinet. Riding beside the King when Fieschi's attempt on the life of Louis Philippe was made, Broglie received one of the bullets through his coat collar. He retired permanently from pub- He life in 1836. Though not in office, Broglie preserved through life close personal and politi- cal friendship with Guizot. The overthrow of the constitutional monarchy in 1848 was a severe blow to the Duke: but he consented to sit in the republican assemblies, and labored to counteract what he deemed to be the evils of universal suf- frage and to avert the coup d'etat which he saw was impending. When it came he was conspicu- ous as one of the bitterest enemies of the imperial regime, though he admitted that an empire was "the government which the poorer classes of France desired and the rich desen-ed.' His last twenty years were devoted to philosophical and literarv- pursuits, as the result of which lie pub- lished Ecrits et discours (Paris. 1863). With regard to the future he said, "I shall die a peni- tent Christian and an impenitent Liberal." He was a member of the Academy and other so- cieties. He died in Paris January 25, 1870. Consult: Guizot, Le Due' de Broglie (Paris, 1872) : Broglie, Personal Reminiscences of the Late Due de Broglie, trans, and edited by Beau- fort (London, 1888). BROGLIE, Jacqlt:s Victor Albert. Due de I lS21-l!t01 ). A French statesman and historian, son of the preceding. His publication, in 1846, of a brilliant study, Si/stcme rcligicux de Leib- nitz, brought him the place of secretary of em- bassy at -Madrid, and later at Rome. After the Revolution of 1848 he defended the temporal power of the Pope and moderate constitutional liberalism in the Revue des Deux Mondes. Then followed in 1853 his Etudes morales et Utt6- raires, and in 1856 his llistoire de I'Eglise et de I'Empire rnmain au IV. siccle (0 vols.), which gave him his seat in the French Academj' in 1862. In 1870 he succeeded his father as Duke, and the following year was elected to the Na- tional Assembly. In 1871 he was also appointed