Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/605

* BROCKET. 529 BROCKWAY. Ibecause their antlers are simple spikes like those of a yearling stag. (See Antler.) ' They inhabit Brazil, are of "small size, heavy form, and arched back." There are four species, form- ing the subgenus Coassus, and varying from 19 to 27 inches in height. One is the Brazilian deer. or guazu-viva {Coassus i)rmor'n-at)us), and is brown, each hair being tipped with white. An- other is the guazu-pita (Coassus rufus). A closely allied form is the diminutive venada or pudn' {Pudua huiiiilis) of the Chilean Andes, the smallest of all deer, with spike horns only 21/2 inches long. See PlDU. BROCKETT, Lnrus PiERPOXT (1820-93). An American author. He was bom in Canton, Conn., and in 1S43 graduated at the Yale Medi- cal School. After a few years of practice in his profession, he devoted himself exclusively to literary pursuits, was connected, a,s editor or contributor, with many magazines, and pub- lished, among other works, a History of Educa- tion (1859) : Philanthropic Besults of the Civil War { 1864) ; Men of Our Day ( 1868) ; The Year ■of Battles ( 1871 ) ; Epidemic and Contagious Dis- eases (1873) : and The drcat Metropolis (1888). BROCKHAUS, brokTious, Friedrich Ar- nold (1772-1823). A German publisher, the founder of the Leipzig firm ( originally estab- lished in Amsterdam, in 180.5) that bears his name. The encyclopsedia with which he is chiefly associated (Brockhaus's Konversations Lexikon) he purchased incomplete in 1808, after it had been in progress for 12 years. He completed a first edition in 1811, and a second was begun in 1812. The business was removed to Leipzig in 1818 and book-publishing was undertaken on a large scale. Brockhaus's sons and grandsons, who succeeded him. have carried the Eonrersations Lexikon through fourteen editions, and have con- ducted with success similar enterprises, notably Krsch and Gruber's gigantic Allgemeine Encyklo- padic (167 vols., 1818-1890). BROCKHAUS, Herm. n (1806-77). A Ger- man Orientalist, the third son of Friedrich Ar- nold Brockhaus. He was born in Amsterdam, and was educated in Leipzig, Gottingen, and Bonn. In 1841 he was called as a lecturer to the University of Leipzig, and in 1848 l}ecame professor of ancienf Indian hmguage and litera- ture there. His works include the first five books of the great collection of fairj' tales of Somadeva, Kathasaritsagara (1839-66); an edition (184.5) of the play Prahodhachnndrodaya of Krishna Misra; and a critical editicm of the Lifd-er des Bafis (3 vols.. 1854-61). In 1841 he proposed the plan of printing Sanskrit works in the Latin alphabet, and he did much in other ways to increase interest in and knowledge of the Oriental languages. He prepared the first glossary of the Avestan language, which was appended to an edi- tion of Vendidad Snde (1850). In 1856 he be- came editor of Ersch and Gruber's Allgemeine Enryklopijdie, and prepared Vols. LXII. to XCIX. of that work. BROCK'PORT. A village in Monroe Coiuity, N. Y., 18 miles west of Rochester, on the Erie Canal and on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (Map: New York, C 2). It is the seat of a State normal school. The village is the centre of an agricultural region, and has man- ufactures of shoes, flour, canned goods, pianos, .*tc. Population, in 1890, 3742; in 1900, 3398. BROCK'TON. A city in Plj-mouth County, Mass., 20 miles south of Boston, on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, E 3). Its manufactures are im- portant, especially those of boots and shoes. There are also manufactures of shoe-pegs, lasts, mechanics' tools, rubber goods, furniture, paper boxes, pianos, etc. The city has a public library of about 40.000 volumes. First settled in 1700 and originally a part of Bridgewatcr, Brockton was incor|iorated as the town of North Bridge- water in 1821. Its present name was adopted in 1874, and a city charter secured in 1881. The government is administered by a nuiyor, elected annually, and a bicameral citj- council. The executive appoints the licence commissioners, and, with the concurrence of the board of alder- men, the board of health, members of the police department, and trustees of the public library. Other officials, excepting the school committee, which is chosen by popular election, are selected by tlie council. The annual income of the city amounts to about .$1,600,000; the chief items of expense include .$40,000 for the police depart- uient, .$50,000 for streets, $60,000 for the fire department, and $140,000 for schools. Popula- tion, in 1890, 27,294; in 1900, 40,063. Consult Kingman, History of Brockton (Syracuse, 1895). BROCK'VILLE. The capital of Leeds Coun- ty, Ontario. Canada, taking its name from Gen. Sir Isaac Brock (q.v. ). It stands on the left bank of the Saint Lawrence, about 40 miles below Kingston and 160 above Montreal (Map: Ontario, H 3). Its do^Tiward communications, formerly interrupted by powerful and rugged rapids, are now facilitated by canals or over- come by steam. Brockville is on the Grand Trunk Railway, is a port of call for the Saint Lawrence steamers, and has manufactures of steam-engines, agricultural machinery, tools, chemicals, gloves, etc., and good fishing. It is the seat of a United States consulate. Popula- tion, in 1891, 8793; in 1901, 8940. BROCK'WAY, Howard (1870—). An American musician and composer, bom in Brook- lyn. N. Y., November 22, 1870. After pianoforte studies with H. O. C. Kortheuer from 1887 to 1889, at the age of twenty he went to Berlin, where he continued his instrumental studies with Barth, and composition with O. B. Boise. At the age of twenty-four he had composed a s^'mphony (op. 12), a ballade for orchestra, and a violin and piano sonata (op. 9) ; as well as a cavatina for violin and orchestra. These, together with other piano solos, were given at a concert of Brockway's own works in February. 1895, at the Berlin Sing-Akademie. A few months later he returned to New York, where he has since lived as a teacher and performer. His Sylvan Suite was given by the Boston Orchestra in April, 1901. BROCKWAY, Zebtjlon Reed (1827—). An American penologist. He was born in Lyme, Conn., April 28, 1827. In 1850 he entered upon prison service at the Connecticut State Prison. Thence he went to Albany Comty, N. Y., as dep- uty superintendent of the penitentiary, and in 1854 became superintendent of the Monroe Coun- ty (N. Y.) Penitentiary. In 1861 he took charge of the House of Correction, Detroit, Mich., which position he gave up in 1876 to assume the superintendency of the New York State Reforma- tory at Elmira. This position he resigned in