Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/601

* BRIXEN. 525 BROAD-CHURCH PARTY. capital of an episcopal see established in the Fourth Century. BRIX'HAM (AS. brt/cg, bricg, Ger. Biiicke, bridge + ItOin, Ger. Hcim, home, i.e. town of the bridge). A market town and seaport of Devon- shire, England, beautifully situated on the south side of Torbay, 22 miles south of Exeter (Map: Kngland. C 6). The town occupies the sides of two hills, and is divided into two parts, called I'pper ^nd Lower Brixham. The prosperity of Brixhan depends chiefly on its fisheries, it being the headquarters of the great Devonshire fishery of Torbay, in which many vessels are employed. There are also iron-mines and lime-pits in the neighborhood. The town is a nnich-frequented seaside resort. A cave discovered on Windmill Hill in 1858 is famous for the remains of pre- historic animals and men found there. It was at Brixham that the Prince of Orange (after- wards William III.) landed, November 4, 1688. Population, in 1871, 4941; in 1891, 7978; in 1901. SOilO. BRI'ZA. See Quaklxg Grass. BRIZETJX, bre'ze'. Jui.iEX Auguste Pei.age (1803-58). A French poet. He was born in Lorient, Bretagne, and in 1831 published his very successful idyllic poem, Marie. Most of his work derives its motif from the Bretagne coun- try, and rings freshly and sincerely. He wrote further: Les Ternaires, afterwards called La fleur d'or { 1841) : Les Bretons ( 1845), crowned by the Academy; and Bisloires poetiques (1855). His tEuvres computes were published in 1879-84 (4 vols.). BRIZURE. bre-zyr', Briz£, or Brisk (Fr. brisure. from briser, to break). Terms used to indicate that a charge is bruised or broken. See Heraliiry. BROACH, broch, or Eaboach {Barygaza in the Perijilus of the First Century a.d.. from Skt. IShrgukaccha. the to«Ti of Bhrigu the Seer, from Kaccha. river-bank). A town of British India, in the Presidency of Bombay, 190 miles north of Bombay (Map: India, B 4). It is situated on an elevated mound, supposed to be artificial, on the north bank of the Nerbudda, which is here 2 miles wide even at ebb tide, but shallow. The navigable channel is winding and difficult, even at high water — a feature mentioned as early as the First C'entui-y a.d. It abounds in fine fisli. A stone wall, about 40 feet high, fronts the river- bank, and protects the town from inundation. The streets are narrow, with tall houses. Situ- ated in the midst of a fertile district, for 800 years it was a flourishing town, with a large population; but in consequence of political troubles, and the rise of Surat in the Sixteenth Century, it com- menced to decay. Its trade consists chiefly of agricultural products and cotton. Broach was long famous for its manufactures of cloth ; but that of the finer kinds declined, owing to the im- portation of English goods. Many of the weavers of Broach are Parsees, of whom some are of the more opulent classes — as ship-owners and ship- brokers. Broach has a remarkable Brahmaniea! hospital for sick animals, into which horses, dogs, cats, monkeys, peacocks, and even insects are re- ceived. It is ostensibly conducted by a number of Brahmans, who derive a good income from lands devoted to it and from voluntary contributions. Broach belonged to the Kingdom of Guerat, on the overthrow of wliidi, by the Emperor Akbar, it was assigned to a petty Xawab. Falling under the dominion of the Feishwa of the Mahrattas, it was taken by the British in 1772, ceded to Sein- dia in 1783, in acknowledgment of the kind treat- ment of some British prisoners, and again stormed by a British force in 1803. since which date it has remained in the possession of the British. Population, in 1891, 40,170; in 1901, 42,300. BROAD ARROW. An arrow-head which forms the Government mark on British Govern- ment stores: also the title of a British semi- ofiicial military and naval gazette, founded in 1833 and published weekly in London. BROAD'BENT, Sir WiruAM Hexry (1835 — ). An Englisli physician and author. He was educated at Owens College, the Royal School of iledicine in Manchester, and in Paris, and was appointed physician to the Western General Dis- pensary. Subsequently he was physician succes- sively to the London Fever Hospital and Saint Mary's Hospital, and in 1881 became president of the Jledical Society of London. In 1888 and 1889, and again in 1895 and 1896, he was censor of the Royal College of Physicians; in 1898-1901 was physician extraordinary to Queen Victoria; and in 1901 became physician-in-ordinary to King Edward VII. He has published The Pulse (1890), and The Heart (1897). . BROADBIIiL. A bird having a notable breadth of beak. ( 1 ) A scaup duck or 'bluebill.' (See Scaup.) (2) The shoveler duck. (See Shoveler.) (3) The spoonbill (q.v.). (4) A broad-mouth (q.v.). BROAD - BOTTOM ADMINISTRATION". A name derisively given to the English Jlinistry formed by Henry Pelham in 1744, because it professed to include in a grand coalition all parties of weight and influence in the State, and comprised no less than nine dukes. BROADCASTING. A method of sowing which distributes the seed with some degree of unifomiity over the surface. When the sowing is done by hand, the seed is carried in a bag at the left side, and is scattered with the right hand while the sower walks. The seed is after- wards covered with a harrow, or by dragging brush over it. ilachines devised for sowing grain or other seed in this manner are called broadcast-seeders. The method of sowing by the drill is preferred by many fanners. BROAD-CHURCH PARTY. A name loosely applied, fruni al)(mt the year 1850 onward, to a group of liberal leaders in the Church of England, of whom Thomas .rnold, Frederick Denison Maurice, Charles Kingsley, Frederick William Robertson, and Arthur Penrhyn Stanley were the most important. In their breadth of view they i-esemble the Latitudinarians of the Seventeenth Century — Cudworth, Whichcote, and itore. The designation "Broad' churchmen is not wholly sat- isfactory, and was disavowed by the leaders of the movement themselves. Its historic justifica- tion, however, lies in the fact that it describes the tendency toward doctrinal comprehensiveness, long prevalent in the Established Church, which is properlj' called 'broad,' in distinction from 'high' and 'low' churchmanship. But it should always be borne in mind that the difference be- tween the Broad-Cluirch Party and the other two is less with reference to the doctrine .of the