Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/585

* BKISTOL. 511 BRITANNIA. limits of the present town the Xarragansett village ilount Hope, the residence of Massasoit and King Pliilip, was located, and it was near here that the latter was killed in ItiTfi. Bristol was first settled by the whites about 1675, and was incorporated as a town in 1740. On October 8, 1775, and again on May 25. 1778, the English entered the town and did considerable damage. In 1S73 a portion of the township was annexed to Warren. Consult llunro. History of Bristol ( rrovidcnce, 18801. BRISTOL. A town in .Sullivan County, Tenn., alx) a city in Washington County, Va.. the lunindarv line of the two States running through the principal street, on the Soutliern and Nor- folk and Western railroads (Jlap: Virginia, B 5). It has extensive lumber-mills, pulp- mills, tannery, and minor manufactures. The educational institutions include King College (Presbyterian), organized 1SG7: Sullins College ( Methodist Episcopal, South ), and Southwest Virginia Institute (Baptist), for womeil, estab- lished 1869 and 1884 respectively: and a Normal College for negroes. Settled in 1851, Bristol was incorporated the following year. The present charter was adopted in 1898 and revised in 1901 : it provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and two councils, one in each State. There are municipal water-works. Population, in 1890, 622(>; in 1900, 9850—5271 in Tennessee and 4579 in Virginia. BRISTOL BAY. A shallow eastern arm of Bering Sea, north of the peninsula of Alaska (Map: Alaska, D 4). BRISTOL BOARD. A thick, stiff paper or line pastclxiard. made with a smooth and sometimes with a glazed surface. It was first made at Bristol, England, and is used by artists and draughtsmen. BRISTOL BOY, The. A nickname for Thomas Chatterton. BRISTOL BRICK, or BATH BRICK. A substance composed of fine-grit sand, and used mainly for cleaning and polishing table cutlery and other bright steel surfaces. It was formerly made only in Bristol. England, but is now pro- duced in the United States, BRISTOL CHANNEL. An inlet of the At- lantic Ocean, in the southwest of England, be- tween South Wales and ilonmouthshire on the north, and the counties of Devon and Somerset on the south, prolonged at its east end by the estuary of the Severn (Jlap: England, B 5). It is about 80 miles long and 5 to 48 miles broad, the greatest breadth being between Saint Gowan's Head and Hartland Point. It is the largest inlet in Great Britain, having an irregular coast line of 220 miles, and receiving a|drainage of 11,000 square miles. The chief rivers which How into it are the Towy, Taff. Usk, Wye, Severn, Avon, Axe, Parrott, Taw, and Torridge. The tides rise to an extraordinary height — at Bristol, .35 feet; at King's Road, 40 feet; and at Chepstow, a rise of 47 feet has been recorded. Barnstaple or Bideford and Bridgewater bays are on the south, Swansea and Carmarthen bays and Jlilford Haven on the north. Lundy Island is at the entrance to the channel. BRISTOW, bris'tA. Benjamin Helm (1832- 811). - .American lawyer and politician. He was born in Elkton, Ky., graduated at .lefferson College, Pa., in 1851, and practiced law in his native State until the beginning of the Civil War, when he volunteered for service in the Union Army and soon rose to the rank of colonel. He was appointed United States Solicitor-General in 1870. and was nominated as Attorney-General of the L'nited States in 1873, but was not confirmed. From 1874 to 1S7G he was Secretary of the Treas- iry, and in this office was active in the prose- cution of the 'Whisky Ring" (q.v.). This gave him a reputation as a reformer, and at the Re])ublicau National Convention of 1S7(! he re- ceived 113 votes on the first ballot for Presiden- tial canflidate. In that year he removed to New York, whei-e until his death he had a large legal practice. BRISTOW, George Frederick (1825-98). An American musician and composer. He was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., became a violinist in the New Y'ork Philhannonic Society in 1842; from 1851 to 1862 was conductor of the New York Har- monic Society, and subsequently conducted the Mendelssohn Union. He was also organist in various churches and a teacher of music in the public schools of New Y'ork. His works include J'ip Vail Winkle, an opera produced in New Y'ork in 1855: an overture to an unfinished opera, Columbus : an oratorio, Daniel (1867) : an Arca- dian Si/mphoity (1874): and a cantata. The Great Republic (1880), with accompaniment for orchestra. BRISTOWE MERCHANT, The. See FoRD, John. BRISTOWE TRAGEDY, The, or The Death OF Sir Chari.es Badwin. A narrative poem by Thomas Chatterton. presented by the author to his vulgar patron, Catcott, in 1768, and printed in quarto in 1772. It was the first of the "Row- ley Poems." It describes the execution of a romantic outlaw. BRISTOW, or BRISTOE, STATION. A village in Prince William County. Va.. four miles southwest of Manassas .Junction, on the Southern Railway. On August 26, 1862, during the Civil War, General .Jackson, by a sudden movement, captured a large quantity of Federal supplies and munitions of war which had been stored here; but, threatened by an attack of 40,000 Federals under JIcDowell, he withdrew on the 27th to the Bull Run battleground. Here, also, on October 14, 1863, the rear-guard of General ileade's Federal army, under General Warren, repulsed with great gallantry the attack of a superior Confederate force under Gen. A. P. Hill, each side losing between three and four hundred in killed and wounded. BRIT, or BRET. ( 1 ) The young of the com- mon herring, formerly thought to be a small separate species, living along the New England coast. The term is frequently applied to the small fry of various other marine fishes. (2) A sailor's term for the food of tlie whalebone whale, which consists of entoniostracans. ptero- pods, and various other small surfaceswinuning animals. BRITAN'NIA ( Lat., Gk. BperTavla, Bret- tania, from BpcTTaml, lircttanoi. Britons). Tlia ancient name of England and Scotland. (See Bkitannice In.sul.'E.) .lulius Ca'sar invaded Britain twice, in n.c. 55 and 54. In the latter year he subdued Cassivcjaunus, who agreed to