Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/571

* BRIEF. 497 BRIERRE DE BOISMONT. dc' hrevi, an officer of the Papal chancery, with red wax. and only with the Pope's private seal, the fisliernian's ring. Hence it concludes with the words Datiitn Roinw sub aitiiulo pixcaforis (siven at Rome under the ring of the fisher- ni:in). BRIEG, breK (Slav. Brigu, bank). A town of Siliiia, Prussia, .situated on the left bank of the Oder, about "27 miles southeast of Breslau, on tlic railway line between Breslau and Vienna (.Map: Prussia, G 3). It was formerly sur- rounded by ramparts, which have been converted into promenades. The town is a manufacturing place of some consequence, and produces prin- cipally machines, textiles, cigars, and sugar. Population, in 1890, 20,1.54; in 1000, 24,114. BRIEGEB, bre'ger, .Johann Friedrich The- oiior, I 1S42 — ). A German Protestant historian. He was born at Greifswald. June 4, 1S42, studied there and at Erlangen and Tiibingen, became professor of Church history at JIarburg (1873) and at Leipzig (1886). He edits the Zeitschrift fiir Kircheiigescliichte (Gotha), and has written principally upon the German Reformation. Among his works are Quellen und ForschiDujeii zur Genchichte der Reformation (1884); Die theotoqischcn Promolionen auf der L'nivcrsitdt Lciiiu]/ ]-'i2Slo39 (1894). BRIEGLEB, breKiap, Hans Kabi. (180.5-79). A German jurist, born in Bayreuth. He achieved distinction by establishing an historical basis for the theory of civil procedure. His investi- gations into the mediaeval literature on this subject are also important. Ixi addition to his principal work, Ueber exekutorische Urkiin- den und Exekutivprozess (2d ed. 1845), he wrote: Summatim Cognoscere, Quid et Quale Fuerit apud Romanos (1843); Reehtsfiille zum akademischen Gebrauch (1848-50) ; Einlcitung in die Theoric der summarisclien Prozesse (1859). BRIEL, brel. or BRLELLE, bre-el', or The Brill. A fortified seaport town on the north side of the island of Voorne, in the Province of South Holland, Xetherlands (Jlap: Netherlands, C 3 ). It is situated near the mouth of the Meuse, about 14 miles west of Rotterdam. Briel possesses a good harbor, and is intersected by several canals. It is a depot for military stores. The large Saint Catherine's Church con- tains the beautiful tomb of Admiral Philippus van Almonde. The town has some trade. Popu- lation, 4500. The seizure of Briel by the 'Beg- gars of the Sea,' under William de la JIarck, April, 1572, opened the long struggle for inde- pendence waged by the Netherlands against Philip of Spain. BRIENNE-LE-CHATEAU, hrff-en' h sha't.V (Fr., Castle Brienne, anciently Lat. Ilriruiui. capital of the Brannovices), or BRIENNE- NAPOLEON, -na'po'le-ox'. A small town in the Department oi .ube. France, on the right bank of the river Aube, about 14 miles northwest of Barsur-.Aubc. It is celebrated as the place where Napoleon I. received his earliest military educa- tion, entering the military schoid here in 1779, when he was 10 years old, and remaining until 17H4. On .January 29. 1814, Briennele-Ch;1teau was the scene of a bloody and indecisive battle between the armies of Napoleon and Bliich'er. Consult .laquot, Notice historigue sur lirienne (Paris, 1832). BRIENZ, br$-gnts'. A town of the Canton of Bern, Switzerland, beautifilly situated at the foot of the Bernese .lp>, on the northeast shore of the lake of the same name, and about 30 miles east-southeast of Bern (Map: Switzerland, C 2). The town is the centre of the Obcrland wood- carving industiT. and its cheese is licld in high repute. Population, in 1900, 2G00. BRIENZ, Lake of. A lake in Switzerland, about 8 miles long and 2 miles broad, formed by the river Aar, at the foot of the Hasli Val- ley, and, through the same river, discharging its surplus waters into Lake Thun (Map: Switzer- land, B 2). The lake is situated at an elevation of 1850 feet above the sea; its average dei)th is about 500 feet, but in some places it is said to have a depth of more than 900 feet. It is sur- rounded by elevated mountains, the principal one being the Rothhorn, from which splendid views of the whole range of the Bernese Alps are obtained. A small steamer plies daily on the lake between Brienz and Interlaken, touching at the celebrated Giessbach Fall on every trip. BRIBER CREEK. A stream in Warren Comity. Ga., at whose junction with the Savan- nah a force of about 1500 Americans (mostly militia), under Cieneral Ashe, was defeated by a somewhat larger British force, under General Prevost, on March 3, 1770. Of the British, only 5 were killed and 11 wounded: while of the Amer- icans, 200 were killed or wounded, 200 were taken prisoners, and only about 450 reached the main army, the rest having retired to their homes. The victory restored Augusta to the British, and reinstated temporarily the royal Government of Georgia. BRITERLEY, Benjamix (1825-96). An Eng- lish writer, born at Failsworth, Lancashire. After meagre schooling, he became a Manchester weaver, but read extensively in the English poets. It was after 1855 that he began to be known for his stories and verses of Lancashire, written, many in dialect, under the pseudonym of 'Ab-o'-th'-Yate,' and very accurate in point of local color. These include: Tales and Sketches of Lancashire Life (1863) ; Irkdale (1865) ; and Ab-o'-th'-Yate in Yankee Land (1887). BRIERLEY HILL (brier leg, lea, field). A town of Staffordshire, England, 2 miles north- northeast of Stourbridge, on the Stour (Map: England, D 4). Large quantities of coal, iron, and fire-ela.y are found in the neighborhood, and its principal industries are connected with coal- mines, iron-foundries, glass and pottery works, and brick-kilns. Population, in 1891, 11.831; in 1901, 12.040. BRIERLY, Bob. The principal character in Tom Taylor's play Thr Ticket -nf-Lcare )fan. BRIERRE DE BOISMONT, br^'ar' dc bwas'moN'. Alexaxdre .Lqves Fraxcois (1798- 1881). A French physician and authority on insanity, bom in Rouen. lie took his degree in niedicine in 1825. in which year he published his first work. Elements de hntanique. In 1831 he spent some months in Poland, studying the chol- era, and upon his return published "the results of his investigations in a treatise, whii-li obtained for him ;i gold medal from the Institute. He then turned his attention to mental diseases, fomding and maintaining an asylum for the treatment of the insane. His principal works