Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/538

* BREWSTEK. 474 BKIA3SrC0N. Countries and afterwards the Secretary of State of Queen Elizabeth, wlio, says Bradford, regarded hini as '"so discreet and faithful that he trusted him above all others who were with him." About 1587 Brewster retired to Scrooby. "to live in the country in irood esteume amongst his frcinds and the pood gentlemen of those parts, espctially the godly and religious." Here he occupied the old Scrooby manor house, and for some years held the position of 'post.' which was then frequently filled by men of higli social standing, and which involved the entertainment of travelers, as well as the dispatch of the mails and the supplying of relays of horses. He was in thorough sympathy with the Separatists at Scrooby, who on each Sunday assendded for worship at the manor liouse." In IfiOS he was one of the company of Non-Conformists who., to avoid persecution, re- moved to Holland: and at Leydon, his fortune having been exhausted, supported himself by teaching English to the students at the univer- sity, and by publishing books whose circulation was prohibited by the English Government. With Bradford, Carer, and Winslow, he urged the mi- gration to America, and with Bradford he went to England in 1619 and secured a patent for a tract of land in America. In the following year he crossed the Atlantic, with the first company of 'Pilgrims,' and for the next twenty-four years was one of the leaders at Plymouth, where he did much by his energy and cheerful optim- ism to make the colonizing experiment a success. Having been the ruling elder of the congregation in Scrooby, Amsterdam, and Leyden, he con- tinued to act as such at Plymouth, and until 1620 was also a teacher and preacher, holding services twice each Lord's Day, though he al- ways refused to administer the sacrament. At his death he left a library of 300 volumes, a catalogue of which has been preserved. Brad- ford prepared an interesting Memoir of Elder Breicster, which may be found in Young's Cliroii- 4cles of the Pilqri'ms (Boston, 1841), and in Vol. III., 5th series, of the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Consult Steele, Chief of the Pilgrims; or the Life and Times of William Breicster (Philadelphia, 1857). BREWSTER'S LAW. See Light, paragraph on rohirizat ion. BREWTON, broo't'n. A town and county- seat of Escanil)ia County, Ala., 100 miles south by west of the State capital, JNlontgomery, on the Louisville and Nashville Kailroad (Map: Ala- bama, B 4). It has truck- farming interests, and various numufactures of wooden products. Popu- lation, in ISdO, 1115; in 1!)00, 1382. BREYMANN, bri'man. Her.m.ann (1843—). A German philologist. He was horn at Oker, near Harzburg, and studied jiliilology at the universities of Gottingen, Bonn, Marburg, and Paris. In 1875 he was a])])ointcd professor of the French and English languages at the Uni- versity of JIunich. He is one of the foremost authorities on pedagogical (piestiims alTeeting in- struction in modern languages. In addition to the Miinchener Ucitriifie zur romanischen iind enijlischen I'hilologic. of which he is the editor, lireymann has published the following imjmr- tnnt works: I.es deux lii-res des Macchnhcrs (1868); Marlowe's Dr. Faustus (188!)); Bear- ini] of the Study of Modern Languages on Edu- cation at Large (1872) ; Diez, sein Leben, seine ^'erh■e; On Provencal Literature (1875); Die neusprachliche Reform-Litteraturl876-9S ( 1895). BRIALMONT, breVil'moN'. Alexis Hfxri I 1S2] -I'.Mi'i ) . A Belgian engineer and military writer. He published a large nund)er of works on the art and methods of military fortifica- tion, and is regarded as an autbority on this subject. He designed the ])rincipal fortifications of Antwerp, the fortifications of Bucharest (1883), and those of Li&ge and Namur, in 1887. Among his publications are Fr<^ci.s d'art mili- taire (4 vols., 1850), and La fortification du temps present (2 vols., 1885). BRIANA, Ixri-a'na. In Spenser's Faerie Qucciic, the owner of a great castle. She ob- tains Crudor's love by making him a mantle of 'beards of knights and locks of ladies,' and allows no one to pass her stronghold without being shorn. BRI'AN BOROIMHE, h6 roim', or BORTJ, biVroo' (926-1014). A famous King of Ireland. He became King of Cashel, comprising the i)res- ent counties of Tipperary and Clare, in 987. In 1001, after defeating Maelsechlainn, he was ac- knowledged the chief King of Ireland. The surname Boroimhe, signifying tax, was given him in consequence of the tribute in kind he levied from the various provinces. He lived in the Dun of Cenn Coradh, in a state of nide plenty. He is said to have defeated the Danes in t«enty-five pitched battles. In the battle of Clontarf, April 23. 1014, in which he was killed, Brian gained a signal victory over a united army of revolted natives and Danes, the power of the latter receiving a shock from which it never recovered. Brian Boru is the great hero of the Irish, but fact and fiction have become so mingled in the accounts of his life that it is difficult to form an accurate picture of the real warrior chieftain. BRIANCHON, brS'iiN'shON', Chakles Jxtlien (1785-18C5). A French mathematician, horn in Sevres. He studied at the Ecole I'olytechnique, in 1808 was apixiintcd lieutenant of artillery, in 1815 assistant director of the manifacture of arms, and in 1818 a professor at the Ecole d'Ar- tillerie. His publications include Application, de la thcorie des transrcrsales (1818) and Essai chimiijue sur Iks reactions foudroyantes (1825). He is best known for a theorem which appeared in 1806 in the Journal de I'Ecole Polytcehnique, in an article later expanded into Mcmoircs sur les lignes du second ordre (1817). One form of the statement of the theorem is: The three di- agonals of every hexagon circumscribed to a conic meet in a point. See Geometby. BRIANCHON'S THEOREM. See Brian- CHON, CUAHI.K.S .Irl.IE.X. BRIANQON, bre'iiN'.s.-,N' (anciently, Lat. Hiiganliuni. 'tile town on the heights." from Celt. hruigh, brig, heap, ]iilc, elevation). A strongly fortified town in the Department of the Hautes- Alpes, France, situated at the eonlluence of the Durance and Guisane, about 35 miles northeast of (iap (Map: France, N 7). It is the highest town in France, being more than 4300 feet above sea-level. It is a fortress of the first class, com- mands the entrance into Italy by Mont OenSvre and the principal passes, and is the principal military depot and arsenal in the French Alps.