Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/515

* BRECON. 453 BBEE. between the Bishop of Ely and tlio Duke of Buckingham, -«hirh resulted in the overthrow of Rieliard III. The town owns its water-supply, markets, and slaughter-houses. It has numu- factures of Hannel and coarse cloth, hut its principal trade is in lime. Popvilation, in 18!)1, 579-1; in 1901, 5875. South of Brecon lie the twin mountain peaks, the Brecon Beacons. The town was founded soon after the Conquest. It was the birthplace of the famous actress Mrs. .Siddons. BREDA, brft-dii' (Dutch brcde, a plain, from hreid. AS. brud. Ger. breit. Eng. brond). A town in the Province of North. Brahant. Holland, situated at the conllucncc of the ^lerk and the Aa ( Maj) : Netherlands, C 3 ). It has an old castle, dating Ironi 13,'30. which was for a time the resi- dence of Charles II. of England, but is now uscil as a military academy. Among the numerous churches, the most prominent is the Gothic cathe- dral dating from the Fifteenth Century, and con- taining the magnificent tombs of Count Engelbert II. of Nassau and his wife. The fortifications of the town, now dismantled, were once very formidable and provided with facilities for inun- dating the surrounding country in case of war. Breda has manufactures of carpets, cloth, and cigars, and its commerce is facilitated by a good harbor. Breda has had a ver^' stormy career and has been the scene of a number of historical events. It was besieged and taken repeatedly by the Spanish and the French, and it was at Breda that the protest of the Dutch nobles against Spain, known as the 'Compromise of Breda,' was presented in lotiO. It was also from Breda that Charles II. issued his 'declaration' before his restoration in 1000. Population, in 1899, 26,097. BREDA, Decl.ration of. See Ch.^ri-es II. BREDAHX, brA-diil', Christian Hviid ( 1784- 18001. A Danish poet. He was born at Helle- strup and v-as a fellow-pupil of Ingemann at the g}-mnasium of Slagelse. His first poetic work, Dramatiske Sceiier (1819). was followed by five volumes Iwaring a similar title and published successively from 1819 to 18.35. In these dramas, as in his later works, he reveals an intense love of natural conditions and a thorough dislike of excess of culture. Bredahl is closely identified with the philosophical spirit of the Eighteenth Century as exemplified by Rousseau ; and in his masterpiece he inveighs against tyranny and avarice, the arrogance of the nobility, and the domination of the priesthood. . new edition of his Drantatiake Ncener was published in 1855 at Copenhagen. BREDEN, bra'dcn. CiiRiSTiAXE (1844—). An Austrian poet known under the pseudonym of Ada Christen, born in X'ienna. She was at first an imitator of Heine, but developed considerable originality in her later works. Her publications incUlde I^iedrr rinrr Vrrloriiioi, poems (1808, third ed. 1873); ffrhntteii. poems (1873); Fnu.ilhxi. a drama (1871) ; Elln, a novel (1873) ; TInsere achbam ; Junrffer Mutter, eine Wiener Vorstadtgeschichte (1892). She was married in 1873 to Adalmar Bredcn, but retained her pseudo- nym, Ada Christen. BREDEROO, br/l-da'rA, GERBRAXn. RiAENK- 'zooN (1585-1618). A Dutch playwright and poet, bom in. isterdam. He was educated as a painter, but turned to literature, and took rank among the foremost Dutch writers of comedy. His most important plays are: Het Moortje (1G15): Dc Stomme Riddcr (1618); and Z)e i^lMdiischc Hrabandcr ( 1018) . The last named is considered his best work. He wrote also some harmonious and thoughtful poems, collected in 1022 (Amsterdam). His Works were first pub- lished in Amsterdam in 1038; the last editicm was that of 1885-88 (ib., 3 vols.). Consult the study by Ten Brink, Oerbrand Adriacnszoon Itrederoo (Utrecht, 1859). BREDERODE, bra'dc-ro'de, Hendrik, Count van ( l.').!l-(iS) . One of the sovereign counts of Holland, and a leader against Spanish domina- tion in that country. He was one of the le.ulers of the League of the (Jueux, and is said to have drawn up the 'Compromise' of 1500. After the complete success of the Spaniards, he asked Eg- mont to intercede for him with the regent. His followers, however, were dispersed, some were put to death, and he himself died a few months later in (iermany, whither ho had fied. BREDOW, I)ra'd6, Adalisert vom (1814- 90). A German soldier, born in Berlin. As com- mander of the Second Cavalry Brigade of Prus- sia, during the War of 1806, he rendered distin- guished services at the battles of Trautenau and Sadowa. Upon the outbreak of the Franco- Prussian War he was assigned to the command of the Fifth Cavalry Division, in which capacity he i)erformed, with barely six squadrons, the most brilliant cavalry charge of the war — the desper- ate assault at llars-la-Tour, by means of which a large division of the French Army was rendered )>overIess to assume the ofi'ensive. The gallant feat of this officer, who became lieutenant-general in 1871, has been perpetuated in song and story. BREDOW, Gabriel Gottfried (1773-1814). A (ierman historical writer, born in Berlin. He studied at Halle, in particular classical subjects under F. A. Wolf; succeeded J. H. Voss as rector of the school at Eutin (Liibeck) in 1802, and in 1804 became professor of history in the Univer- sity of Helmstedt. In 1809 he was appointed professor in the University of Frankfort-on-the- Oder, with which he continued to be connected after its removal to Breslau, in 1811. His i)ubli- eations include a TIandbuch dcr altni (Icschich- 1c, (leofjraphie vnd Chroriologie (1803, 0th ed. 1837) ; Untersuchuni/cii iiber ein:elne (lc(ir>intan- de der alten Geachichle, (leographie und Vhrono- lof/ie (1800-02) ; and two volumes of a Chroiiik dcs ncunzehii/en Jahrhvnderts (Vol. I., 1804; Vol. II., 1805: continued by Venturini), highly esteemed by Germans of the time becavise of its bold expressions regarding French domination. His Waltfieschichte in TaheUen (1801; nth ed. 1851) was translated (with additions) into Eng- lish by .1. Bell (London, one vol. folio, 1820; from the 4th German edition). BREE, tiril. Mattheus Ignaztps van (1773- 1839), Flemish historical painter. He was born in .Antwerp, and was educated i)artly there, and partly >mder Vincent, in Paris. As early as 1798. he 'attracted attention by his "Deatli of Cato," which was followed by several other ex- cellent pictures. A peculiar talent for rapid and vivid sketching enabled him to execute for Napo- leon, in a few hours, "The Mantpuvring of the Fleet Before . twerp on the Scbelilt." and, with equal celerity, "Napoleon's Entrance into Am- sterdam, at the Moment when the Magistrate Presents Him with the Keys to the City." In