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* BRECK. 452 BRECON. Bistant professor of geography, history, and ethics at the JIilit,-iry Aciuleniy. During the Civil War he was assistant adjutant-goneral suc- cessively of General McDowell's division, the First Army Corps, and the Department of the Kappahannoek, and assistant in the Adjutant- Ceneral's office at W'asliington. Hrevetted hriga- dier-general, U.S.A., for meritorious services, he continued in the Adjutant-Generars depart- ment until retired in 18!IS, and attained the rank of brigadier-general and adjutant-general. BRECK'ENRIDGE. A village and eoujity- seat of Vilkin County, Minn., 215 miles west by north of Saint Taul, on the Red River of the North, and on the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern railroads (Map: Minnesota, B 4). It is in a fertile agricultural region, and has grain-elevators, Hour-niills, etc. Population, in ISiW, 657^: in 1900, 12.S2. BRECKENRIDGE, Hugh Henry (1870—). An ,]nerican artist, born at Leesburg, Va. He was a pupil at the Peimsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, won the scholarsliip for study abroad ( 1892 ), and studied in Paris under Bougiiereau. Doucet, and Ferrier. In 1894 he became in- structor at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and he received lionorable mention at the Paris Exposition of 1900. BRECKENRIDGE, John (1797-1841). An American clergyman, born in Cabell's Dale, Ky. He graduated at Princeton College 1S18 and stud- ied at the Theological Seminary, and in 1822 was licensed by the Presbyterian Church to preach. He was chaplain of the Federal House of Repre- sentatives from 1819 to 1821. His first church vas in Lexington, Ky. ( 1823-26), where he estab- lislied a newspaper, the M'estern Luminarij. He also had a charge in Baltimore from 1826 tol831, when he removed to Philadelphia and for several years was secretary and general agent of the Presbyterian Board "of Education. In 1836 he be- came professor of theology in Princeton Theologi- cal Seminary, and two years later he was made secretary and general agent of the Board of Foreign Missions. He resigned in 1840, and just before his death was chosen president of Ogle- thorpe University, in Georgia. He published, under the title Roman Catholic Cont rovers;/ (1S3G), his famous debate with the Rev. John Huglies, afterwards .rclibishop of New York, BRECKENRIDGE, .loiiN Cabell (1821-75), An American lawyer, soldier, and politician, born near Lexington, Ky. He was educated at Centre College and at Transylvania University, and practiced law at Lexington. He served as major in the iMexican War; sat in the State Ix?gisla- ture; and was a member of Congress from 1851 to 1855. In 1856 he was elected Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with James Buchanan. In 1860 he was nominated for Presi- dent by the extreme Southern section of the Democratic Party, but, with Douglas and Bell, was defeated by Lincoln, receiving 72 electoral votes. He was immediately chosen United States Senator, but resigned to join the Secessionists, and entered the Confederate Army, He was made a major-general in 1861, served throughout the war, and took a prominent part in the battles of Shiloh, Jlurfreesboro, Chickamauga, Chatta- nooga, and Cold Harbor. He was Early's second in command in the Shenandoah campaign in 1804. From January to April, 1805. he was Secretary of War in the Cabinet of .lellerson Davis. At the close of the conllict he escaped to Europe, where he remained until 1868, after which he devoted himself to the practice of law. BRECKENRIDGE, Robert Jefferso:^ (1800-71), An American clergyman, brother of Rev. John Breckenridge (q.v.)." He was born in Kentucky, graduated at I'nion College in 1819, practiced law in his native State, and was a memlier of the Legislature. In 1829 he joined the Presbyterian Churcli, and in 1832 ol)tained a charge in Baltimore, where he remained for tliirteen years. In 1845 he became president of JelTerson College, and two years later removed to Kentucky and became State Superintendent of Public Instruction. In 185.1 he became j)rofessor of theolog}- in Danville Seminary. He was a strong old-school leader in tlic great division of the Presbyterian Church. In the slavery dis- cussion he was extreme on ncither side, and when the Civil War began he was for the Union, though he was much opposed to the Emancipation Proclamation (q.v.). In 1804 he was president of the Republican convention which nominated Lincoln for a second term. Dr. Breckenridge is credited with having been the principal author of the common school system of Kentucky. His principal work is The Knouledrje of God, Objec- iircly and ^iihjectii'cly Considered (2 vols., 1857- 5IM. BRECKINRIDGE, Joseph Cabell ( 1842— ). An American soldier, bom in Baltimore, Md. He studied at Centre College ( Ky. ), and the Uni- versity of Virginia, entered General Nelson's army of Keiituckians, and subsequently was as- signed to the Second Artillerj', U.S.A. He ser'ed in the Shiloh, Gulf, and Atlanta campaigns, and was brevetted major for meritorious conduct before Atlanta, He was a member of the staffs of Generals Thomas, JIcDowell, and HaUeck. In 1881 he became inspector-general, U. S. A., and in 1890 was appointed brigadier-general. During the Spanish-.Unerican ar he served as major- general of volunteers in the Santiago cani])aign, and had his horse shot under him at San Juan, July 2, 1S9S. He afterwards ]iad eliarge of an encampment of 40,000 at Chickamauga, Ga, BRECK'NOCKSHIRE, or BRECON. An inland county ni Snuth Wales, to the south of Radnor, from which it is separated by the Wye. Its length is about 35 miles, its average breadth 20 miles, and its area 734 square miles, of which two-thirds are cultivated (Map: Wales, C 5). Coal, iron, and lead are mined, and there are im- portant iron mantifactures; hut agriculture pro- vides the chief industries. The chief towns are Brecon, the county town and the only corporate one, Builth, CrickhowcU, Hay, and Llanelly. Po|)ulation (half of whom speak Welsh), in 1891, 57,000; in 1901. 59,900. BRECON, or BRECK'NOCK ( f rom lirychaii, a native prince of llie Fifth Century), or Abeb- lio.m)iif. The capital of Bieckiiciekshire, South Wales, situated in an open valh'V in the middle of the county, at the eonllucnee of the L'sk and Honddhu, 171 miles west-northwest of London (Map: Wales, C 5). It lies in the midst of fine mountain scenery, and has beautiful public walks. The Church of Saint Jolm is an excellent example of early English architecture. Ely Tower, the only remaining fragment of the old castle, is famous as the scene of the conference