Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/458

* BRAEKELAEB. 404 BKAGG. SBAEKEIiAEB, brii'ke-lar, Ferdinandus de (ITOJ-ISS:!). A Belgian artist; born in Ant- werp. He was a pupil of the Antwerp Academy and of Van Bree; studied for three years in Italy, and became a member of the Antwerp Academy and director of the Antwerp Museum. His earlier paintings were ohieflj- historical, and for the most part large in size; afterwards he dealt mainly with genre subjects. His success as an instructor was marked. A list of his works includes: "Tobit Burying a Jew by Night" (1817); "The Grotto of Neptune at Tivoli" (1822); "The Baker;" "Rubens Paint- ing the Chapeau de Paille;" "Bombardment of Antwerp in 1830;" "The Defense of Antwerp in 1576 Against the Spaniards;" "The Round of the Market:" "The Grandfather's Holiday Visit;" "Happy Family;" and "Unhappy Family." BBAG (from brag, to boast; ef. the game hluff). A game at cards. The whole pack is used, and the cards rank as at whist, except the nines and knaves, which are called "braggers,' and rank the same as any cards with which they may be held. An ace and a nine and a knave are called three aces, and a deuce and the two brag cards make thsee deuces, etc. The highest hand is a pair royal, three of a kind, ace being high- est; next best, highest pair, and last, the single card. There is no playing: the hands are merely shown, and the higliest wins the stake. BBAG, Sir .Tack. A suggestive name be- stowed on Gen. John Burgo^Tie (q.v.). BBAGA, brii'ga (Lat. Bracnra, so called from the tribe ISracares) . The capital of a district in the Portuguese Province of Minho and seat of an archbishop, 33 miles west-noithwest of Oporto (Map: Portugal, A 2). It is an old town, surrounded by walls and towers and con- taining a number of old buildings. The cathe- dral, originally built in the Twelfth Century and altered since then, contains a number of relics relating to the early history of Portugal, but is of little architectural value. There is also an archiepiscopal palace, with a fine library and a number of smaller churches and monasteries. In the vicinity is situated the Church of Bom Jesus do Monte, visited annually by thousands of pil- grims. Braga is of some industrial importance, producing hats, arms, textiles, and gold and sil- ver articles. Population, in 1890. 23,089: in 1900. 24.309. Bragsi was the capital of Lusi- taniii and the seat of a council in 530, at which the Sucvi renounced Arianism. BBAGA, TiiEOPiiiLO ( 1843— ). A Portuguese philologist, p(K't, anil literary historian, born on the island of San iliguel, Azores. He studied at the University of Coimbra, and in 1872 was appointed professor of modern languages in the Curso Superior de Letras of Lisbon. He is one of the most important of modern Portugiiese writers, known in his own country chiefly through his presentation of the positivism of Comle, and his militant democracy in politics. Beyond Por- tugal he is best known for his investigation re- garding the philology and literature of the Span- ish Peninsula. His work in that field has been far too extensive wholly to escape a certain care- lessness, yet his contributions to a critical knowl- edge of the subject have been noteworthy. From 1880 to 1880 he edited the periodical O Positi- vismo. A much-abridged list of his works in- cludes Uistoria da poesia popular purtuyueza (18C7) -yTheoria da historia da Utteratura portu- gueza (1872) ; Manual da historia da Utteratura portuguezii (1875) ; Travos gcrats de philosophia positiva (1877); Holui;i')es positivas da polilica portugueza (1879) ; an excellent life of Camoens (1880) ; and a selection of poems, entitled Alma Portuyiicza (1893). BBAGANgA, bn^giiN'sa. The name of two considerable towns in Brazil. (1) A seaport in the State of Para, at the mouth of the Caite, which enters the Atlantic about 100 miles to the east of the Rio Par;i estuary (Map: Brazil, H 4). It is 110 miles northeast of Parii, with which it is connected by a railroad. Population, (iOOO. (2) An inland" city of about 10.000 in- habitants, in the State of S.'io Paulo, 70 miles north of Santos, with which it is connected by rail, and about 200 miles to the west of Rio de Janeiro. BRAGANQA. A city of Portugal, capital of a district in the Province of Traz-os-Montes, situ- ated in a pleasant and fertile district, on the Fervenga, an affluent of the Sabor (Map: Portu- gal, B 2 ) . It is surrounded with walls, and was the ancestral seat of the Dukes of Braganca (Braganza). There are some manufactures of silk and velvet. Population, in 1890, 5840; in 1900, 5470. See Bkaganza, House of. BBAGANZA. bra-giin'za. House of. The reigning house of Portugal, originally Dukes of Braganza (see Bragan('a). The first Duke was a bastard son of King John I. In 1040, Portugal, which had been ruled by Spain for 60 years, achieved its independence under Dom John. Duke of Braganza. who was made King, with the title of John IV. BEAGELONNE, brazh'lun', Le Vicomte de, ou Dix Ax.s ApRi s. The title of a novel by the elder Dumas (1848), the last of the trilogy of which Lcs trois mousquetaires was the first. BRAGG, Braxtox (1817-76). An eminent Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in V:irren County, N. C. ; graduated at West Point in 1837, and served in the Semi- nole War in 1837-39, and again in 1841-42. During the Mexican War he served under Cfeneral Taylor, and for "gallant and distinguished con- duct" at Fort Brown, Monterey, and Buena Vista was brevetted captain, nuijor. and lieutenant-col- onel, res])ectively. He was on duty in variousgar- risons until January. 1859, when he left the ser- vice to become a sugar-planter in Louisiana. From 1859 to 1801 he was connuissioner of the Louisiana Board of Public Works. He joined the Confederate Army on the outbreak of the Civil War, was made brigadier-general early in 1861, and soon afterwards was placed in conunand at Pensacola, Fla., of the Confederate forces which operated against Fort Pickens. He was promoted to be major-general in February', 1862; joined the Army of Mississippi: took a conspicuous part in the battle of Sliiloh (April C-7); and, after the death of A. S. .Tohnston, was raised to the rank of general. On .Tune 20, 1802, after the evacuation of Corinth, he replaced General Beauregard as conunander of the Vestern De- partment, and in August, at the head of a force of 45,000, invaded Kentucky, with the intention of winning over that State to the Confederate cause. An exciting race for Louisville ensued between him and'Buell, but Buell arrived first and by skillful manceuvring gradually forced