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* BRADLEY. 402 BRADSTREET. to the ecliptic. For this discovery he received the Copley Medal in 1748. In the same year he secured a new instrumental outfit for the Royal Observatory, hy means of which the foundations of modern sidereal astronomy were laid. He left at his death thirteen manuscript volumes of ob- servations, which were published in 1708-1805. His Miscellaiwoii/i Works and Correspondence was ])ublished in 1S32. BRADLET, Jcseph P. (1813-92). An American jurist; born at Berne, N. Y. He graduated at Rutgers in 1836; was admitted to the Xew Jersey bar in 1839; was retained as counsel to various railway corporations, and be- came prominent in several cases of importance. In 1870 he was appointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court and assigned to the Fifth Circuit (Gulf States, Georgia to Texas ), from which he was subsequently trans- ferred to the Third (Pennsylvania, Xew Jersey, and Delaware). He was a member of the Elec- toral Commission of 1S77, which decided the election of 187G in favor of Hayes, and supple- mented his vote by an opinion noteworthy for logical clearness. A profound and discriminat- ing student of the law, he was in particular dis- tinguished for opinions on civil rights, habeas corpus, and admiralty cases, and in those involv- ing constructions of the Federal Constitution. In 1870 he pronounced the centennial address at Rutpers College. BRAD'SHAW, Henry (?-1513). An Eng- lish medireval poet; born at Chester. He was enrolled there among the monks of Saint Wer- burgh's, and studied theology at Gloucester Col- lege, Oxford. He wrote De Anfiquitate et Mag- nificenlia I'rbis Cestrioe, and a Life of Saint TVerburyh (1500), in English verse. BRADSHAW, .ToHN (1602-59). An English Commonwealth judge, famous as one of the regi- cides. He was bom near Stockport, Cheshire. He studied law and was called to the bar at Grey's Inn, 1627. He gained a good practice by his ability and learning, held several offices, and was elected president of the High Court of Jus- tice for the trial of King Charles I. in 1649. As the reward of his services on that occasion, he was made president of the Council of State, and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster: he also re- ceived a grant of estates worth £2000 per annum. Bradshaw, however, frequently opposed the Pro- tector when unable to see or comprehend the ne- cessity for his rigid rule. After Cromwell's death he was lord president of the Council of State, and a commissioner of the Great Seal under Rich- ard Cromwell. He was a friend of ]Iiltou, who eulogized him. He died in London, October 31, 1659. His body was buried with jiomp in West- minster Abbey! but at the Restoration was ex- humed and hung on a gibbet, with those of Crom- well an<l Ircton. BRAD'STREET, A.nne (c.1612-72). An American poet. She was bom at Xorthampton, England, about 1612. Mrs. Bradstreet was a daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley. She married the future Governor Bradstreet in 1628, went with him to Xew England (1630), and in the intervals of household duties involved in the rearing of eight children became a voluminous author, who won for herself from her compatriots the admiring designation, 'The Tenth JIuse.' Her noems were published under a title which gives a tabular view of their contents, to wit: Several Poems Compiled icitk Great Variety of Wit and Learning, Full of Delight, Wherein Especially is Contained a Complete Discourse and Description- of the Four Elements, Constitution, Ages of Men, Seasons of the Year, Together with an Exact Epitome of the Three First Monarchies, viz. The Assyrian, Persian, and Grecian, and the Beginning of the Roman Commonuealth-, to the End of Their Last King; tcith Divers Other Pleasant and Serious Poems hy a Gentleuoman of Xew England (London, 16.50). It is on the title-page of this edition that she is called 'The Tenth Muse.' The Four Monarchies (1867) is based on Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the World; but she drew her chief poetic inspiration from Sylvester's translation of the Creation, by Du Bartas (q.v.), 1006. A second edition ap- peared at Boston in 1678, with additions, among which is Contemplations, her best poem. Her complete Works, which include certain memorials of her life and prose aphorisms, were edited by J. H. Ellis (1867). and for the Society of the Duodecimos (1897), with an introduction by Charles Eliot Xorton. Mrs. Bradstreet's verses are in the main lacking in poetic power, and the modern reader wonders at the admiration they excited. Cotton ilather said they "would out- last the stateliest marble." Her contemporaries 'weltered in delight' or were 'sunk in a sea of bliss' at their perusal. They were at least the best of her generation in America. They show an indomitable assertion of a woman's right to thought and learning. She deserves an honored place in the history of Xew England culture, as one of the first writers in America devoted to literature for its own sake. BRADSTREET, .Johx (1711-74). An Eng- lish soldier, who spent nearly his whole life in service in Xorth America. In 1745 he served in the Louisburg expedition as lieutenant-colonel in Pepperell's regiment, and later in the year was raised to the rank of captain. In 1746 he was. appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Saint John's, and in 1755 became adjutant-general under Gen- eral Shirley (q.v.). He took part in the attack on Ticonderoga in 1758, and immediately there- after became quartermaster, with the rank of colonel. "On August 27 of this year he cajitured Fort Frontenac. and in 1759 accompanied C4en- eral Amherst on his expedition against Ticon- deroga and Crown Point. He commanded an expedition against the Indians during the Con- spiracy of Pontiac, and on September 7, 1764, made a treaty with them at Detroit. In 1792 he became a major-general. BRADSTREET, SiMox (1603-97). An early Colonial Cincnirir of ilassachusetts, born in Horbling, Lincolnshire, England. He was edu- cated at Cambridge, and in 130 emigrated to America and settled at Cambridge, ilass. He was an assistant Judge, and was successively sec- retary, agent, and commissioner of the United Colonies. In 1662 he was sent to congratulate Charles II. on his restoration. He was Assistant Governor from 1630 to 1679; was Deputy (Jover- nor from 1673 to 1079; and was Governor from 1679 to 1686, when the Massachusetts charter was revoked. He was restored to oflice in 1689 and remained in power until the new charter ar- rived in 1692, when he was made first councilor. He was generally popular as a magistrate.