Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/445

* BOZEN. 393 BRABANT. Italy, and Switzerland, makes Bozen an impor- tant centre of the transit trade. The most im- portant articles are fruit and wine. There are factories for the canning of fruit and vege- tables. Adjoining Bozen is the popular winter resort of Gries. Bozen appears as a Roman town as early as .378. In l.iSl it came into the possession of Austria. Population, in 1890, 11.744: in I'JOO, 13,f>32. BOZTIAH. The name of two biblical cities, one a city of Edom, the other of Moab. ( 1 ) Bozrah, the capital of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 33; Isa. xxxiv. G, etc.). This city seems to be iden- tical with El-Buseireh, north of Petra and south- west of Tufileh, in the District of .Jebal. .lere- miah (xlix. 13, 22) and Amos (i. 12) prophesy the destruction of this city in their prophecies of the doom of Edom. (2) Bozrah of Moab, men- tioned by Jeremiah in his prophecy of the doom of Jloab (Jer. xlviii. 24), has not been certainly identified. It may be Bosrah esh-Sham, in the District of Hauran (Auranitis), the Bostra of the days of Trajan. This place is a vast collec- tion of ruins, about 7(3 miles south-southeast of Damascus. In a.d. IO.t the city was restored and beautified by Trajan, who made it the capi- tal of the Province of Arabia. In the reign of Alexander Severus it was made a colony, and later it was the seat of a bishopric and of an archbishopric. During the Crusades it was held by the Mohammedans, and all attempts of the Crusaders to capture it were futile. BOZZARIS, bo'tsa-res: popularly, biVzarls, W.Rco or M.BC0S BoTZARls (c. 1790- 1 823) The 'Ijconidas of Modem Greece.' He was born at Suli, in the mountains of Epirus, about 1790. After the Treaty of Tilsit, in 1807, he entered the French service, but in 1821 he threw himself into the Greek struggle for liberation, and at the head of a band of Suliotes took an active part in the engagements with the Turks, winning many victories. In 1822 he was defeated at Petta (in company with Prince ilavrocordatos ), chiefly through treachery, and both the patriot leaders vere obliged to take refuge at Missolonghi. This place valiantly held out until relieved by a Ilydriote fleet. In 1823, in anticipation of an assault which he knew the fortifications of Misso- longhi were too weak to withstand, he made a sudden sally upon the Turks during the night of August 20, at Karpenisi. The Turkish army was so far superior that its van alone was many times larger than the attacking party; but the Greeks threw the Turks into utter confusion and won a complete victory. The triumph was sad- dened by the loss of the heroic Bozzaris. who fell while leading on his men to the final attack. This battle has been made the subject of a poem by Kitz-Greene Halleck. Consult: Mendels.sohn- Bartholdy, Oeschichte flriechenlands (I.*ipzig, 1870-74) ; Hertzberg, Oeschichte Orieohenlands (Gotha. 1876-79). BOZ'ZY. A rather contemptuous corruption of Boswell, the author of the Life of Samuel Johnson. BBA, bril (It. dial., meadow). A city in the Province of Cuneo, North Italy, 900 feet above the sea, 31 miles south of Turin (Map: Italy, B 3). It has a church of irregular archi- tecture (barocco), built by Vettone in 1742, and numerous educational and cliaritable institu- tions. A trade in silk, wine, cattle, truffles, and leather is carried on. Two miles to the south-, east are the ruins of the ancient Pollentia (q.v.). Population, in 1881 (commune), 15,000; in 1901. 1.5.90.5. BRABANgONNE, bri'bax'siin' (Fr., the Bral)antinc, i.e. chniisuii, song; from the Province of Brabant I, La. The national song of the Bel- gians, originally sung by the insurgents during the Revolution of September, 1830. A young French player of the name of Jenneval was the author of the song, which was set to music by a singer named Campenhout. Jenneval fell in a combat with tlie Dutch at Berehem. BRABANQONS, bra'bax'sox'. A name ap- plied during the later Middle Ages to mercenarj' soldiers. In 1135 William of Ypres raised bands of mercenaries in Brabant for Stephen of Blois, the claimant of the English crown. The name Brabancons, first applied to the hirelings from Brabant, was used later for mercenaries in general. Because of their deeds of rapine, Bra- bancons soon became a common name for brig- ands. BRABANT. A province of Belgium, boimded on the north by the Province of Antwerp, on the east by Limburg and Li&ge, on the south by Xamur and Ilainaut. and on the west by East Flanders. Area. 1268 square miles. The surface is mostly level and well wooded. It is traversed by the Dyle, Dewer. and Senne, and has a well- cultivated soil. The manufacturing industries comprise the production of cotton and woolen goods, ribbons, linen, hats, jewelry, etc. Popu- lation, in 1899, 1,280,909, Capital, Brussels (q.v.). BRABANT, brii'bant or bra-bant', Fr. pron. bra'biix' {Lat. lirnrhbantum ; Ger. brach; fallow, unplowed + Band, district). The name for- merly given to an important region in the Low Countries, extending from the left bank of the Waal to the sources of the Dyle, and from the ileuse and the plain of I^imburg to the Lower Scheldt. In the time of C'«sar IJrabant was in- habited b' a mixed race of Germans and Celts, but in the Fifth Century it came into the pos- session of the Franks. After the disruption of Charlemagne's Empire, it formed part of the Duchy of Lorraine (included in Germany), and after 9,59 of the Duchy of Lower Lorraine, The Principality of Brabant grew up around tlie city of Louvain as a nucleus. Beginning with Henry I. (1190-1235), the rulers of Brabant bore the title of duke. John I. in 1288 annexed Limburg to his dominions. The country possessed a liberal charter, known as the -loueuse Entree, or Moyous Entrance,' which guaranteed extensive rights to the nobles and the towns and restricted the powers of the Duke. In 1430 Brabant came into the possession of the House of Burgundy, and in 1477 passed to the Hapsburgs through the marriage of Mary of Burgundy with the future Emperor Maximilian. The northern part of Brabant participated in the revolt of the Netherlands against the rule of Philip II. of Spain, and became a part of the independent Dutch Republic, At the close of the Napoleonic wars the whole of Brabant was incbided in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and was divided into three provinces. After the Revolution of 1830 the provinces of Antwerp and South Bra- bant became parts of Belgium,