Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/414

* BOULOGNE-SUR-MER. 364 BOUND BROOK. the Grand Army, 176 feet high, surmounted by a bronze statue of Napoleon I., comnipmorating liis projected invasion of England. In the lower town stand the barracks, the theatre, the museum of art, a hospital, and a library. While the in- dustries include the manufacture of steel pens, linen thread, carriages, glass, tubes, cement, etc., the main source of wealth of Boulogne is the sea, and the oyster, herring, cod. and mackerel fish- eries. Boulogne is one of the most frecpiented terminals of steamer routes from England, and a large English colony is found there. Population, in 189(i. 4fi,807. Gesoriacum was a fortress of the Gallic tribe of the Jlorini. In the time of Constantine the place was called Bononia. Un- der the C'arlovingians the name was changed to Bolonia. After the death of Charlemagne the Normans sacked it; it was taken by the Bur- gundians in 1435, and held until Louis XI. added it to the French Kingdom in 1477. It was be- sieged by Henry VII. of England in 14y2, taken by Henry VIII. in l.')44, but restored to France by Edward VI. in 1.550. It was at Boulogne that Napoleon I., in 1804, assembled an army 180,000 strong for the invasion of England, which, how- ever, was not attempted. On August 6, 1840, Louis Napoleon attempted to raise here an in- surrection in his favor. He was imprisoned in the castle. BOULOGNE-SUR-SEINEjboo'lo'ny'-syr-san' ( Fr., Boulogne on the Seine ). A town of France, in the Department of Seine, about 5 miles west of Paris, opposite Saint Cloud, on the river Seine, which is crossed at this point by a fine stone bridge. It gives its name to the Bois de Bou- logne, the great pai'k and promenade of Paris. ( See Pauls. ) It has extensive linen bleacheries and perfume manufactories. Population, in 18i)0, 37,418. The ancient name of Boulogne was Me- nus-les-Saint-Cloud, but in 1319 some returning pilgrims who had sailed from Palestine to Bou- logncsur-Mer erected a church in Jlenus and called it Notre Dame de Boulognesur-Seine. The ehurcli was restored in 1803. BOULTON, bdl'ton, Charles Abkom, (1841- 99 ) . A Canadian soldier and legislator. He was born at Coburg, Ontario, and served in the British Army from 1858 to 1808. During both of the insurrections in JIanitoba, led by Louis Kiel, he took an active part in the strviggle against the rebels, was imprisoned and sentenced to death by them in 1870, and at the outbreak of the second rebellion, in 1885, organized and commanded a corps of mounted rillenien known as Boulton's Scouts. He was called to the Sen- ate of the Dominion Parliament in 1889, and sided with the Liberal Party in that chamber. He is the author of an interesting book: I'ciiti- niscrnrcs of llic Xorth West RvhMion (1880). BOTILTON, M.TTiiEW (1728-1809). An Eng- lish mechanician. When still ver,v young, he undertook at his father's death the business of his steel manufactorv, which be carried on with great energy, and extended, in 1702 founding the famous Soho works near Birmingham. One of his first inventions was a new mode of inlaying steel. He entered into partnership with James Watt (q.v.), who had obtained a patent for the great improvements in the steam-engine which have immortalized his name, and they established a manufactory of steam-engines in 1709. They jointly contributed also to the improvement of coining machinery, and so to the perfection of the coinage itself. For his biography, consult S. Smiles, Lives of Boulton and Watt (London, 18li5). BOXT MAZA, boo mii'za. Si Mohammed ben AiiU.^LLAii (IS'20 — ). An Arab leader of Algeria, who, as a dervish, in 1845, excited the people of Dahra against the French, and. with the sup- port probably of AbdelKader (q.v.), engaged in several conflicts. Saint Arnaud made him a prisoner (1847), and sent him to Paris, where he received a pension and was provided with a home. He escaped in 1848. but was caught and sent as a prisoner to Hani, where he was kept a year and a half. He subsequently entered the Turkish .rmv and fought in the Crimean War. BOUNCE, BEN.TAMIN. The name assumed by Hcnrv Carey as the atlthor of the burlesque (_'itro}wiifiotonl]iolo(]os, BOUNCER, Mr. A character in the novel I'erdant Green, by Cuthbert Bede (the Rev. Ed- ward Bradley). BOUNCER, Mrs. The landlady in J. M. Mor- ton's farce Box and Cox (1847). BOUNCING BET. Sec Soapwort. BOUND, or BOUNDARY (OF. bonne, hnnde, bodne, from Low Lat. hodina, bodena, bound, limit). The utmost limits of land by which the same is known and can be described ; being in this sense synonj'nious with abuttals, which means the buttings and bound ings of lands east, west, north, and south, with respect to the places by which they are limited and bounded. An ad- joining ])arccl of land, stream, or road, named in a deed as a boundary of the land conveyed, is a monument, and in the interpretation of the deed prevails over the courses and distances given in the description. See Re.^l Property, and the authorities there referred to. BOUND, or BOUNDE, Nicholas. See BOWNDE. BOUND BAILIFF. In England, a deputy slicrilT or sherifl's olhcer, whose dut,v is to dis- cover and arrest debtors. As the sheriff is re- sponsible for the misconduct of these bailiffs, tiie.v are annuallv bound in an obligation, with sureties, for the due execution uf their (jlUce, whence the name bound baililVs, which Blackstone is at pains to inform us "the common people have corrupted into a much more homely appel- lation" — tiiim-hiiiliff. See Baii,iI''E. BOUND BROOK. A borough in Somerset t^ounty, N. J., 30 miles west-southwest of New York, on the Karitan Uiver, the Delaware and Baritan Canal, and the Baltimore and hio. the Central of New Jersey, the Lehigh 'allcy, and the Philadelphia and Heading railroads (Map: New Jerse}-, 2). It has manufactures of woolen goods, engines, electric dynamos, gas fixtures, roofing jjapcr and paint, grapliite jour- naM>carings, cash-registers, and lumber. The liorough contains a public librar.v. Settled about 170t), Bound Brook was first incor|)orated in 1892, the date of the charter now in operation, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a cit,v council. On Ai>ril 13, 1777. 4000 English and Hessians under l>ord Cornwallis and Count Dono]) surprised here about 1000 Ameri- cans uncU'r (iencral Lincoln, wlio, after a short resistance, retreated, having lost 00 men in killed.