Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/358

* BOBGIA. 318 BORISSOGLIEBSK. 1759 he was appointed Papal Governor of Beno- vento, and in 1764, by ].i(caiitionary measures, protected the city and district against an im- pending famine. ' He became secretary of the Propaganda in 1780, and. in 1780, cardinal. He was well known for his valuable arclueological collection, to which admission was freely granted to scholars, and from which, it is said, he once sold a gold plate to defray the e.xpense of im- printing San Bartolommeo's Systema lirahmaiii- cum. He wrote Istoiia dcJht citta di Benercnto (17(i3-<i9) and other works. BORGNE (born'y') LAKE. An inlet of the Gulf of ilexico extending into the southeast of Louisiana and covering an area 60 miles long by 10 broad I Map; Loui-siana, F 3). It is con- nected bv the Rigolct Pass with Lake Pontchar- train. and is used by steamers plying between New Orleans and Mobile. » BORGO, Pozzo DI. See Pozzo w Bobgo. BORGOGNONE, bOr'gu-nyo'na, Ambbogio (c. 144.j-c.1523). An Italian painter, whose real name was Ambrogio Stefani da Kossano. His best work is found in the Certosa in Pavia. The inlluence of Da Vinci is noticeable in his pic- tures, the latest undoubted example of which is in San Simpliciano, Milan. BORGTJ, bor-goo', or BUSSANGO, bi.is-san'g6. A kingdom in Sudan (q.v.), west of the Niger, and bounded by the States of Gurma and Gando on the north, and Chanjo on the south. The country is generally level and supposed to bo very fertile." The population is mostly composed of Fulahs and Mohammedans. The principal set- tlements are Bussang, on the Niger, and Niki, the scat of a British resident. It was near the former place that Mungo Park met his death. At the demarcaticm of the western boundary line of Nigeria in 1885-86, the eastern part of Borgu was included in the British possession of North- ern Nigeria (q.v.). Consult "The Struggle for Borgu," in Blochwood's Magazine, No. 65 (Lon- don, 180!'). BO'RIC or BORAC'IC ACID (from boron, or borau). A soluble, solid substance that crys- tallizes in the triclinic system, and is known niineralogicallv as xassoUte. It is found in the waters of the Tuscan lagoons of Monte Rotondo, Castehuiovo. and elsewhere; also as an incrusta- tion on sulphur in the crater of Vulcano m the Lipari Islands; it has been found in the borax lakes of California in combination with various elements, as borates. It is also found native. (See Boron.) It was discovered in the Tuscan la-'oons in 1777 by Hiifer, a Florentine apothe- cary, who named it sal sedativum homberyu. The principal source of its siipply is the Tuscan lagoons, the hot vapors from which, consistmg largely of boric acid, are passed through water, whVch" absorbs the acid. The acid is then used in the manufacture of borax. Boric acid is a white translucent crvstalline compound that is readily soluble in water, and besides its use in the production of borax, is employed for elazin" porcelain, in the manufacture of glass and eel-tain pigments, and in preparing the wicks of stearine candles. BORING MACHINERY. The simplest im- plement for boring holes in wood is the awl, which displaces the fibres of the wood and leaves a hole without removing the wood to any great extent For boring small holes of larger size than can be easily bored with awls, gimlets are employed. A gimlet has a conical screw-point followed by a spiral groove for clearing the hole and is fitted with a wooden or metal cross handle or with a square shank for insertion into a bit- stock or brace. For bor- ing larger holes than can be bored with gimlets, augers and bits are em- plo.yed. These tools are too familiar to require description. Bits and augers are operated by hand by means of bit- braces or bit-stocks, or by some simple mechan- ism operated by power. In recent years pneu- matic boring machines have come into extensive use for wood-boring in car - shops, ship - yards, and other places where large amounts of heavy boring are done. These machines are fully de- scribed under Pxeu.matk' T00L.S. In boring holes in metal and rock the drills used are dill'erent from those employed in wood-working; they will be found described un- der JIetal- Working Ma- chinery and Drills. BORIS GODUNOFF, b6-res' go'du-iiof. A play by Pushkin based on the Russian interreg- num. BORISOVKA, bo-re'sof-ka. A town in the Russian Government of Kursk, situated about 120 miles south of the town of Kursk (Jlap: Russia, E 4). It has a considerable tanning industry and holds five fairs annually. In the vicinity is situated the Tikbvinliorisov Con- vent, founded by Count Sheremetietf in the Eighteenth Century, and the house which Peter the Great occupied during the war with the Swedes. Population, in 181)7, 16,400. BORISSOGLIEBSK, bft-re'sA-glyepsk' ( in liiiniir (if tlic two canonized princes, Boris and tJljeb). The cajiital of a district in the Gov- ernment of Tambov, Russia, on the left bank of the Vorona, 110 miles southeast of the city of Tambov, and 424 miles southeast of Mos- <;ow (Map: Russia, F 4). It is an active commercial town, with good harbor, and con- tains, among other educational institutions, a school for railway mechanics. From a com- mercial point of view, Borissogliebsk is sit- uated very advantageously. It is in direct com- munication with ports on the Azov and Black seas by means of the waterways of Vorona. Khop- er and the Don, and is connected by rail with Tzaritzin and the territory on either side of the Volga, on the one hand, and with the ports on the Baltic on the other. Grain, timber, kero- sene, fish, caviar, watermelons, destined for Saint Petersburg and Moscow, as well as salt from the lakes of Astrakhan, pass through Borissogliebsk. About 2000 rafts and barks are built here an- luiallv and are huh'n with goods for Rostov and BR.CE AND BITS. 1, Riuft-bit; i, 3, gimlet- bits; 4, auger-bit; A, ratcliet-lirace.