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* BOISE. 242 BOISSIEB. of Michigan, and from 1868 until his death filled a similar chair at the University of Chicago. During the hitter period lie was also professor of Xew Testament interpretation at the Baptist Union Theological Seminary (1877-95). and professor emeritus of Xew Testament Greek at the University of Chicago. In addition to sev- eral classical text-books, he published notes on the I^pistles to the Galatian?, Romans, Ephesians, Colossians, and Philippians. BOISE, Otis TSardwell (1844 — ). An Ameri- can nuisician and composer. He was born at Obcrlin. Ohio, studied music in Leipzig and Ber- lin, and for some time was instructor in composi- tion at the New York Conservatory and organist of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Cliun-h. From 1881 to 1888 he was in business in New York, and since then has been active in professional work in Berlin. His compositions include a Coiicert- sliick for piano ana orchestra, and a G minor piano concerto. He has alss written Harmony Made f'rnctical (1900), and Music and its Mas- ters (1901). BOISGOBEY, bwa'go'ba', FoRTUNfi Abrah.M UU (1S21-91). A sensational French novelist of criminal adventure and detection of crime. Characteristic tales are Les gredins (1873); Vhevalier Casse-cou (1873) ; Le demi-monde sous la Terrcur (1877) ; La Tieillesse de M. Le- cocq (1878); ha main coupe (1880); La re- vanche de Fcrnnncie (1882) ; and La bande rotir/e (1880). JIany of his works are translated and adajited under titles that do not suggest the originals. BOIS-GUILBERT, bwa'gel'bar'. Sir Brian DE. In Scott's Ivanhoe, a Knight Templar of inferior character who loves Rebecca and rescues her from a burning castle. When she is accused of sorcery he is appointed to meet her clianipion, Tvanhoe.'in combat, but dies in the lists. Rebec- ca's innocence is thus deemed to be proved. BOISGUILLEBERT, Pierre le Pesant, Sicur de ( ? -1714). A French political econo- mist, born in Rouen. In 1690 he was appoint- ed lieutenant-general (civil) of his bailiwick. He published in Ui99 Le detail de la France sous le riflne de Louis XIT., and by a Supplement au detail de la France ( 1707 ), brought upon himself the wrath of the ministry and e.ilc to Auvergne. The Detail he republished as Testament politique de M. de Vauban (1712). Under both styles this work violently attacks Colbert. It is. how- ever, interesting both for its otherwise unobtain- able information regarding the France of that day, and for its speculations as to the freedom of eonnnerce and the imy)ortance of agriculture. BOIS-LE-DXTC, bwa'lc-dnk' (Dutch fler- toiivnhofcti. 'Duke's Forest'). The capital of the Dut<'li Province of North Braliant, and seat of a Catholic liishop, situated at tlic junction of the Dommel and the -A.a (Map: Netherlands, D ?>). Its fortifications were destroyed in 1876, but the natural situation of the town is very ^trontr. as the surrounding country can be flooded, leaving only two rtjads passable. It is a clean, well-built town, about five miles in circumference, intersected bv canals, and has a citadel called Papenbril. Bois-le-Duc has a ver>' fine cathedral, the museum of the province with a collection of Roman and medi.Tval remains, academy of arts, a grammar school, several hospitals, etc. The to«Ti has thriving manufactures of gold and silver articles, shoes, woodenware, cigars, and mirrors. Its trade with the interior and its ship- ping are considerable. The population is chiefiy Catholic, and numbers (1900) 44,034. liois-Ie- Duc is a place of considerable anti<iuity, having been founded in 1 184 by Godfrey III.," Duke of Brabant. The surrounding forest was cut down by his son and successor, Henry, who strength- ened the town with walls. In the Sixteenth Century Bois-le-Duc separated from the Dutdi States, and was inetl'ectually besieged in lOOl and 1G03 by Prince ilaurice of Nassau, but had to surrender to a Dutch force in l(i29. In 1794 the town was taken by the French: and in 1814 retaken bv the Prussians. Consult Preinpart, "The Siege of Bois-le-Due," in The Military En- gi>,(cr (London. 1759). BOISSEREE, bwU'sra', SULPIZ (1783-1854). A German art critic and antiquary. He wa» born in Cologne, August 2, 1783. A visit which he and his brother 5telchior (1786-1851), along with their friend Bertram, paid to Paris in 1803, inspired the trio with the idea of collecting and preserving the scattered specimens of early Ger- man painting. The realization of this idea be- came the single object of their lives. After years of research they had gathered at Heidelberg in 1810 a collection of nearly 200 pictures. In 1818 it was taken to Stuttgart, where the collection was arranged chronologically in a spacious building. This disclosed the fact that in the Fourteenth Century Germany possessed an original school of panel-painting, and that it was strongly modi- fied by the Flemish masters, especiall.v the V;in Eycks, in the Fifteenth Century. In 1827 the collection was sold to the King of Bavaria for 120,000 thalers and. except for about forty which were taken to Nuremberg (now in the Germanic Museum), they became the nucleus of the Royal I'inakothek in Munich, to which place the broth- ers Boisseree followed it. In 1845 the two brothers removed to Bonn, and devoted all their energies to the study of the Cologne Cathedral, pleading for its eomnletion. Sulpiz died May 2, 1S54. Jlelchior May 14, 1851. They published lithographic plates of the gallery, and Sulpiz, who widened his studies to include all German mediaeval art, wrote several valuable works <m the Cologne Cathedral, on the architecture of the Rhineland, etc. Their collection became a valu- able source for the study of primitive German painting. Sulpiz Boissen'e had considerable in- fluence on Goethe's studies of German art. His widow published a biography of her husband under the title, Sulpiz Koisseree (Stuttgart, 1802). BOISSIEB, bwii'syS', Marie Loots Gaston (1823 — ). A French historian and archa'ologist, born in Nimes. He studied at the Kcole Normale, and was an instructor in rhetoric from 1S47 to 1857 in Nlmes, and subsequently at the Lycee f;harlemagne of Paris. In 1801 he wa.s appointed to the chair of Latin eloquence at the Collt">ge de France, where he later was transferred to that of the history of Latin literature. In 1805 he became lecturer in Latin language and literature at the Kc(dc Normale. He was elected in 1876 to the French .■eadeniy. in 1880 to the .eademy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres. In addition to extensive contributions to the reviews, he has published a number of scholarly works, written