Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/27

BEZA. aristocracy. His numerous theological writings, however, cannot be said to have proved attractive to posterity. They have almost ceased to be read. The works" by which he is best known are liis translation of the Xew Testament into Latin (1550) ; his editions of the Greek Xew Testa- ment (1565), largely based upon that of Eobert Stephens (1550), and his biography of John Calvin, which was the first written. He presented the University of Cambridge with the uncial Xew Testament MS. kno«Ti as ''Codex Bezip." His collected works bear the title Trtictal tones The- olofiicw (Geneva, 1582, 2 vols.). He was editor of Bistoire ecclesiasti(jue dcs cglises reformees ati rotjaume de France (best ed. Baum and Cunitz. Paris. 1883-80. .3 vols.). For his biog- raphy, consult H. M. Baird (Xew York, 1899).

BEZALIEL, be-za'll-el. A character repre- senting the Marquis of Worcester, afterwards Lord Beaufort, in Drydcn and Tate's satire, .16- salom and AchHophel. He is described as having so many natural gifts that there is no room in his make-up for artificial ones.

BE'ZAN CO'DEX. See Bible.

BEZANT'. See Besaxt.

BEZBORODKO. byez'bo-rofkd, Alexander AxDRETEViTCii, Prince (1747-99). A Russian statesman. He was born in Little Russia. In the Turkish campaigns he was second to Field- Marshal RumiantzetT. and in 1780 was appointed secretary of the council on foreign affairs. He concluded the Peace of .Jassy with Turkey (1791), was appointed Imperial Chancellor after the coronation of Paul (1706), and in 1798 was commissioned to effect an Anglo-Russian alliance against France. As an important influence in the cabinet affairs of his time, he helped to decide the fate of the Poles. For his biography consult Grigorovitch (Saint Petersburg, 1879- 81).

BE'ZETH. A place of doubtful situation, but apparently near Jerusalem. It is mentioned in I. Mace. vii. 19, as the place where Bacchides encamped. Josephus calls it Bethzetho (Ant. xii. 10. 2).

'BEZIEBS, ba'zyi' (from Lat. Beterrm; see liclow). A citj' of France, formerly the seat of a bishopric, in the Department of Herault, beauti- fully situated on the slope of a hill in the midst of a fertile country, at the junction of the Orb and the Canal du Midi, about 47 miles southwest of Montpellier (Map: France, K 8). It contains some interesting buildings, the principal being the Cathedral of Saint Xazaire, a noble Gothic edifice, and the ancient episcopal palace, em- ployed since the removal of the see for Govern- ment offices. The city has a communal college, a society of economics and archieology, a library and museum. The old citadel lias been destroyed, but the walls still remain, and are made use of as a promenade. Beziers has manufactures of silk stockings, woolens, gloves, parchment, glass, soap, leather, and famous confectioneries. It has also extensive brandy-distilleries, and is the centre of most of the trade of the district. The town is supplied with water pumped up from the Orb. Population, in 1896, 48,012. Bf-ziers was from immemorial times a fortress town, first Gallic, then Roman. It was during the Roman occupation named first BelcrriF. then Beterra Septimanoruni, and was the station of the Seventh Legion, and still contains Roman re- mains. It is historically interesting in connection with the massacre of the Albigenses, when its in- habitants were indiscriminately put to the sword to the number of over 20,000 by Simon de Mont- fort and the Pope's legate, for having afforded protection to the fugitives in 1209. Beziers suf- fered also in the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century.

BEZIQTTE, ba-zek' (Fr. hesique, origin ob- scure). A game of cards ordinarily pla.yed with a double pack, from which the twos, threes, fours, fives, and sixes have been rejected, thus leaving 64 cards. The remaining cards rank aces, tens, kings, queens, knaves, nines, eights, sevens. Eight cards are dealt to each player, and the seventeenth is turned up for trumps. Tricks are taken as in whist, except when the cards are equal, such as two tens together, when the leader wins the trick. After each trick the player draws one card from the stock, the winner tak- ing the top card and the loser the next, the trump card, or the one exchanged for it, being taken up last. The object of the game is to promote in the hand various combinations of cards which, when declared, entitle the holder to certain scores, to win aces and tens, and to win the so-called last trick. If a declaration is made it must be as soon as the trick is taken, and before drawing from the pack, and this is done by placing the declared cards face upward on the table ; but they still form part of the hand, and can be led or played, just as though they had not been declared. (The rules of the Portland Club of London, England, are the accepted standard all over the English-speaking world.) The game is usually 1000 points, and the scores vary from 10 for the seven of trumps played or exchanged, to 500 for double bezique. If clubs or hearts are trumps the bezique cards are queen of spades and knave of diamonds, and vice versa when spades or diamonds are trumps. The deal goes from one to another alternately until the game is finished. There is a four-pack game called Rubicon, or Japanese Bezique, and two varieties of Polish Bezique or Fildinski.

BEZOAB, be'zor (through Span., from Pers. pad-:alir : literally, against poison). A concre- tion found in the stomachs of goats or antelopes, and formerly much valued on account of imag- inary medicinal virtues, particularly as an anti- dote to poisons, though really worthless. Con- cretions of various kinds are found in the stom- achs of herbivorous quadrupeds, very generally having for their nucleus some small "indigestible substance which has been taken into the stomach. Sometimes they are of a radiating structure; sometimes formed of concentric layers; some- times they are principally composed of super- phosphate of lime; sometimes of phosphate of ammonia or magnesia. Other concretions found in the intestines, etc., of various animals are sometimes also called bezoar. See Calculus (in medicine).

BEZOLD, ba'tsolt, WiLHELsr vox (1837—). A German meteorologist, boru in .Munich. He studied at the universities of !Munich and Gottingen, in 186G was appointed professor in the former, and subsequently professor in the Technical Institute of Munich. In 1885 he accepted the chair of meteorology at Berlin, and at the same time became director of the new Meteor-