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* BOHME. 234 BOHOB. elements in His nature, the wliole sensible uni- verse beinj; a constituent iu His divine holi- ness. Bilhnie stated liis doctrine in technical thcosophic language which makes it quite un- intcUisihle to the uninitiated. Numerous at- tacks from theologians disturl)ed Buhme's last years, but he bore them all with great meek- ness. They were probably occasioned by a tract on repentance, Der Wep zu Chrixto, which his friends had i)rinted without liis knowledge. In addition to the two -works already mentioned, perhaps his Miixtcrium Magnum should be noted as a characteristic production. The lir.st col- lection of his writings was published by Beets (Amsterdam, IGOO) ; the most complete in 1730, at the same place; and the latest (1831-47), by Schiebler, at Leipzig. Xe.t to Germany, Hol- land and England are the countries in which B'ihme's works have been received with mpst favor. In England, where Buhme was generally called Behmen, a translation was published by William Law in 17li4. In 1G97 Jane Lead, a fanatical disciple of Bohme, founded a sect called the Philadelphians, for the exposition of his writings. In more recent times, and in con- nection with speculative philosophy in Germany, his views, ^!ueh had come to be regarded as empty mysticism, have acquired fresh interest and importance. This arises from the kindred character of his fundamental principle with the spirit pervading the systems of Spinoza, Schel- liug, and Ilegcl. The intellectual contemplation of the al)solute, out of which the contradictions in the world of phenomena proceed, and into which they return, is common to these systems and to Bfihme; Kegel, indeed, expressly repre- sents Bohme's negativity, the active jjrinciple of development, as an obscure foreshadowing of his own intuitions, and on that account places him at the head of modem i)hilosophy. Con- sult: Hamberger, Die Lchre des deulschcn Phi- losophen Jacob Biihine (ilunich, 1S44) ; Fech- ner, Jacob liitkme, nciii Lebcii uiid seine Schrif- len (Giirlitz, 1857) ; Pcip, Jacob BUhme, der deiitsche I'hilosoiJh (I>eipzig, 1800) ; and Hart- mann. Life and Doctrines of Biihrne (London, 1803). BOHMEB, be'mer, .Ton.NN Friedkioii (1795- 18(i3). A (ierman historian. He was born in Frankfort-on-the-Main, studied in Heidelberg and Gottingen, and from 1830 to 18U2 was librarian of Frankfort. In various libraries and archives of the Continent he made valuable researches for the sources of German history during the Middle Ages. His books include Vrkundenbuvh der Reiehsladt Frankfort, Vol. I. (1830); Die Rerfcsten dcs Kaiserreichs, etc. ( 1844, 1849, 18.57) ; and Pontes Rerum Germanicarum, Vols. L-IV. (1843-08). BOHMERT, be'mert. Karl Victor (1829 — ). A Gorman writer on political economy. He was born in (>)uesitz, Saxony, and studied in Leii)zig. In 18.57-00 he edited the liremcr HandclxMntt, from 1860 to 1875 be was professor of political economy at the University of Ziirieh, and from 1875 to 1895 director of the bureau of statistics of Saxony. He was appointed in 1875 professor of political economy and statistics at the Tech- nological Institute in Dresden. He has sought steadfastly to promote free trade, and to lil)crate (Jernian industry from its mediaeval restrictions. He has in many" ways sought to improve the con- dition of the working classes, and has written liricfe ^u-cier Handirrrker (1854); Freiheit der Arbeit (1858) ; Der Snzialismns and die .4»-6et- tcrfrage (18721 ; and other important studies. BOHMERWAXD, be'mCr-valt. See BonE- MI.X Fol!l«T. BOHMISCH-LEIPA, bP'mish li'pa. See l.Eir.v. BOHN, bon, Henry George (1796-1884). An English author, translator, and publisher, of German ))arcntage, born in London. He ren- dered a valuable service to the English-speaking world by re]>ublisliing. at a cheap rate, a vast number of the most valuable works in literature, science, philosophy, and theology. He obtained distinction as the editor of the liibliotheca I'ar- riana, of Lowndes's Riblioiirapher's Manual (1857-58), and as a translator of Schiller, Goethe, and Humboldt. He also compiled a Polyylot of Foreign Proverbs (new ed., 18S4) ; a Pictorial IJandbooI: of Modern (leogruphy (1847) ; and a Handbook of Pottery ami Porce- lain (1849). He acquired great wealth and made valuable collections of china, paintings, ivories, etc. BOHNENBERGER, bo'ncn berK'er, JoilANN Gottheb Frieuuicii vo.n (1705-1831). A Gei-- luau astronomer an<l mathematician, born at Simmozheini, Wiirttembcrg. He studied at the University of Tubingen, in 1790 became connected with the observatory of the University, and in 1798 was appointed ])rofessor of mathematics. He was an assistant editor of several scientific periodicals, and published AnUitnng zur geo- grapliisclien Orl.sbeslinnnunfj (1795), an Astro- nomic (1811), and Anfangsgriinde der hohern Analysis (1812). BOHNSTEDT, bon'stet, LunwiG (1822-85). A Uunso-tierman architect of note, born in Saint Petersburg. He studied in Berlin at the L'ni- versity, the School of Architecture, and the Art Academy, and in 1858 was appointed a i)rofes- sor in the Art .eademy in Saint Petersburg. In Russia he made the ])lans for the reconstruction of the Chinese palace at Oranienbaum. and for numerous prominent buildings in Saint Peters- burg, Moscow, and Riga. In 1803 he left Russia, and removed to (Jotha. where he died. His most important work is generally considered to be the Cathedral of San Torquato at Guimaraes, Portugal. BOHOL, bo-hol'. One of the Bisayas group of the Philippine Islands, in latitude 9° .50' N., and longitude 124° 15' E., situated between the islands of Cebu, Leyte, and Mindanao (Map: Philippine Islands, J 10). It is about 47 miles long and 34 miles wide. Its surface, covering 1440 square miles, is generally mountainous and the north and west coasts are bordered by reefs. The island is not very fertile, but jjroduces cacao, tobacco, cotton, hemp, rice, sugar, and corn, and is also well wooded. Tagbilarau is the provin- cial capital. Under the Spanish regime Bohol formed, together with the neighboring island of Dauis, the ])rovince of Bohol, with a population of 247.745 inhabitants. BO'HOR. An antelope (Verricapra bohor), one of the larger reitboks. It ranges in East Africa from Abyssinia 'to Rhodesia. See Reit- BOK.